Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics
From: The risk factors for urinary incontinence in female adults with chronic cough
|  | Total (n = 700) | Urinary incontinence (n = 351) | Without urinary incontinence (n = 349) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age(years) | 45.94 ± 14.01 | 49.46 ± 13.33 | 42.39 ± 13.85 | < 0.001* |
Cough duration (months) | 24(8–84) | 36(12–108) | 18(6–48) | < 0.001* |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 ± 3.3(n = 370) | 23.2 ± 3.5(n = 193) | 21.9 ± 3.0(n = 177) | < 0.001* |
Daytime CSS | 3(2–4) | 3(2–4) | 3(2–3) | 0.001* |
Nighttime CSS | 2(1–2) | 2(1–3) | 2(1–2) | 0.001* |
Cough VAS | 60(50–80) | 65(50–80) | 50(40–70) | < 0.001* |
Dry cough, % | 52.2(360/690) | 51.7(180/349) | 52.6(180/342) | 0.811 |
A single cough, % | 25.6(156/609) | 21.0(66/315) | 30.6(90/294) | 0.006* |
Continuous cough, % | 69.7(435/624) | 70.4(226/321) | 69(209/303) | 0.698 |
Seasonal, % | 29.8(200/671) | 31.6(108/342) | 28.0(92/329) | 0.306 |
Timing of cough | ||||
 Daytime, % | 85.0(590/694) | 87.6(305/348) | 82.4(285/346) | 0.052 |
 Before sleep, % | 60.8(421/692) | 65.7(228/347) | 55.9(193/345) | 0.009* |
 Night, % | 52.6(364/692) | 57.6(200/347) | 47.5(164/345) | 0.008* |
 Morning, % | 46.4(321/692) | 49.3(171/347) | 43.5(150/345) | 0.126 |
Triggers | ||||
 Dust, % | 51.2(354/691) | 57.3(199/347) | 45.1(155/344) | 0.001* |
 Cooking fume, % | 56.4(390/692) | 62.8(218/347) | 49.9(172/345) | 0.001* |
 Cold air, % | 54.3(375/691) | 58.7(203/346) | 49.9(172/345) | 0.020* |
 Common cold, % | 59.3(412/693) | 62.2(216/347) | 56.6(196/346) | 0.133 |
 Supine position, % | 23.6(163/690) | 29.4(102/347) | 17.8(61/343) | < 0.001* |
 Cigarette smoke, % | 55.3(383/693) | 63.2(220/348) | 47.2(163/345) | < 0.001* |
 Exercise, % | 20.2(139/689) | 23.2(80/345) | 17.2(59/344) | 0.048* |
 Talking, % | 37.6(260/692) | 39.9(138/346) | 35.3(122/346) | 0.209 |
 Alcohol, % | 2.9(17/594) | 2.9(9/306) | 2.8(8/288) | 0.905 |
History of medication | ||||
 Oral corticosteroids, % | 19.9(112/563) | 22.8(66/289) | 16.8(46/274) | 0.072 |
 Inhaled corticosteroids, % | 34.6(197/570) | 37.5(110/293) | 31.4(87/277) | 0.124 |
 Antitussive drugs, % | 74.6(447/599) | 75.8(229/302) | 73.4(218/297) | 0.495 |
Concomitant symptoms | ||||
 Sneezing, % | 36.7(256/697) | 38.6(135/350) | 34.9(121/347) | 0.311 |
 Rhinocnesmus, % | 25.8(179/694) | 28.0(91/347) | 23.6(82/347) | 0.193 |
 Nasal congestion, % | 28.1(195/693) | 28.7(100/348) | 27.5(95/345) | 0.726 |
 Postnasal dripping, % | 23.6(164/694) | 25.3(88/348) | 22.0(76/346) | 0.303 |
 Chest tightness, % | 31.2(216/693) | 35.0(122/349) | 27.3(94/344) | 0.030* |
 Shortness of breath, % | 22.8(158/693) | 25.9(90/348) | 19.7(68/345) | 0.054 |
 Acid regurgitation, % | 19.3(134/696) | 20.9(73/350) | 17.6(61/346) | 0.280 |
 Nausea, % | 20.4(142/696) | 22.0(77/350) | 18.8(65/346) | 0.293 |
 Belching, % | 21.4(149/695) | 22.6(79/349) | 20.2(70/346) | 0.440 |
 Heartburn, % | 8.2(57/694) | 10.0(35/349) | 6.4(22/345) | 0.080 |
 Upper abdominal pain, % | 8.8(61/696) | 11.4(40/350) | 6.1(21/346) | 0.012* |
 Throat clearing, % | 34.9(242/693) | 38.2(133/348) | 31.6(109/345) | 0.067 |
 Itchy throat, % | 60.4(420/695) | 64.3(225/350) | 56.5(195/345) | 0.036* |
 Itching below the throat, % | 29.9(209/698) | 28.3(99/350) | 31.6(110/348) | 0.338 |
 Pharyngeal foreign  body sensation, % | 34.1(221/649) | 38.2(128/335) | 29.6(93/314) | 0.021* |
 Abdominal muscle pain due to cough, % | 29.2(204/699) | 39.6(139/351) | 18.7(65/348) | < 0.001* |
Comorbidities | ||||
 Gastrointestinal disorders, % | 24.4(164/672) | 24.7(83/336) | 24.2(81/336) | 0.857 |
 Hypertension, % | 14.9(100/670) | 19.5(65/334) | 10.4(35/336) | 0.001* |
 Allergic rhinitis, % | 25.3(170/672) | 22.6(76/336) | 28.0(94/336) | 0.110 |
 Chronic sinusitis, % | 12.6(85/672) | 17.6(59/336) | 8.6(29/336) | 0.002* |