Table 1 Comparison of patients with and without BSI during VV–ECMO
Variables | All (n = 105) | BSI (n = 23) | Non–BSI (n = 82) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic information and personal history | ||||
Age (years) | 49 ± 16 | 48 ± 19 | 51 ± 16 | 0.56 |
Male (n, %) | 76 (72%) | 21 (91%) | 55 (67%) | 0.02* |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 4.7 | 25.1 ± 4.7 | 24.7 ± 4.7 | 0.57 |
History of smoking (n, %) | 43 (41%) | 8 (35%) | 35 (43%) | 0.34 |
Past medical history | ||||
History of diabetes (n, %) | 20 (19%) | 3 (13%) | 17 (21%) | 0.41 |
History of hypertension (n, %) | 35 (33%) | 12 (52%) | 23 (28%) | 0.03* |
History of chronic lung diseases (n, %) | 12 (11%) | 1 (4%) | 11 (13%) | 0.23 |
Malignant tumor (n, %) | 3 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (4%) | 0.35 |
Immunosuppressed status (n, %) | 28 (27%) | 7 (30%) | 21 (26%) | 0.64 |
Causes of pneumonia | ||||
Bacterial (n, %) | 30 (29%) | 7 (30%) | 23 (28%) | 0.82 |
Virus (n, %) | 54 (51%) | 15 (66%) | 39 (47%) | 0.13 |
Fungal (n, %) | 18(17%) | 1(4%) | 17 (21%) | 0.07 |
Special pathogen infection (n, %) | 3 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (4%) | 0.35 |
Severity pre–ECMO | ||||
APACHE II score | 18 ± 6 | 19 ± 6 | 18 ± 7 | 0.42 |
SOFA score | 9 ± 4 | 9 ± 4 | 8 ± 4 | 0.23 |
PRESERVE score | 5 ± 3 | 4 ± 3 | 5 ± 2 | 0.36 |
RESP score | 2 (–1–4) | 2 (0–3) | 2 (–1–4) | 0.75 |
Murray score | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 0.02* |
Laboratory examinations | ||||
PH | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 0.21 |
PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | 73.1 ± 29.2 | 80.7 ± 31.8 | 77.1 ± 31.8 | 0.67 |
PCO2 (mmHg) | 54.5 ± 25.2 | 58.3 ± 23.7 | 53.6 ± 26.1 | 0.44 |
Lac (mmol/L) | 1.9 (1.5–2.6) | 2.2 (1.5–3.7) | 1.9 (1.4–2.4) | 0.28 |
MAP (mmHg) | 79 ± 17 | 78 ± 18 | 80 ± 17 | 0.52 |
WBC (× 109/L) | 11.8 (7.7–20.4) | 10.9 (5.9–18.2) | 12.3 (8.3–19.0) | 0.29 |
NEU (%) | 89.6 ± 7.5 | 90.8 ± 5.4 | 89.5 ± 7.8 | 0.49 |
LY (× 109/L) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.52 |
PCT (ng/ml) | 1.2 (0.5–6.4) | 3.4 (0.9–6.5) | 0.8 (0.4–5.3) | 0.09 |
Organ support during ECMO | ||||
IPPV (n, %) | 100 (95%) | 23 (100%) | 77 (94%) | 0.23 |
Vasopressors (n, %) | 89 (85%) | 20 (87%) | 69 (84%) | 0.74 |
CRRT (n, %) | 51 (49%) | 16 (70%) | 35 (43%) | 0.02* |
Massive hemorrhage events (n, %) | 42 (40%) | 8 (35%) | 34 (42%) | 0.56 |
Blood transfusion during ECMO | ||||
Transfusion (n, %) | 57 (54%) | 17 (74%) | 40 (49%) | 0.03* |
Cumulative volume | ||||
RBCs (u) | 2 (0–6) | 6 (2–8) | 2 (0–4) | 0.001* |
FFP (ml) | 800 (150–1287) | 1200 (400–2400) | 700 (0–1200) | 0.02* |
Platelets (u) | 0 (0–2) | 1 (0–5) | 0 (0–1) | 0.01* |
Outcome | ||||
Duration of ECMO (d) | 11 (6–19) | 9 (5–19) | 12 (6–20) | 0.66 |
ICU stay (d) | 17 (10–35) | 13 (11–27) | 17 (8–34) | 0.50 |
Hospital stay (d) | 19 (11–42) | 17 (11–42) | 20 (10–39) | 0.54 |
Survival (n, %) | 38 (36%) | 7 (30%) | 31 (38%) | 0.30 |