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Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the participants with different severities of COPD

From: Two-dimensional shear wave elastography: a new tool for evaluating respiratory muscle stiffness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Characteristics

Control (n = 20)

Mild COPD (n = 82)

Moderate COPD (n = 52)

Severe COPD (n = 46)

Very severe COPD (n = 39)

Age (years)

66.30 (9.65)

68.94 (8.21)

64.44 (9.69)

67.76 (8.00)

65.38 (9.52)

Male participants (%)

18 (90%)

72 (87%)

48 (92%)

40 (87%)

39 (100%)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

20.54 (2.08)

20.68 (1.93)

19.83(1.62)

20.87 (2.74)

21.47 (3.70)

Smoking, n (%)

     

  Never

15 (75%)

14 (17%) a

2 (4%) a

0 (0%) a

0 (0%) a

  Ex-smoker

2 (10%)

18 (22%)

4 (8%)

4 (9%)

2 (5%)

  Current smoker

3 (15%)

50 (61%) a

46 (88%) a

42 (91%) a

37 (95%) a

  Smoking (pack-years)

0 [0-11.25]

35 [18.75-40] a

35 [30-45.75] ab

45 [30–50] ab

35 [35–50] ab

GOLD group, n (%)

     

  A

 

16 (20%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

  B

 

22 (26%)

26 (50%)

16 (35%)

10 (26%)

  C

 

8 (10%)

0 (0%)

0 (%)

0 (0%)

  D

 

36 (44%)

26 (50%)

30 (65%)

29 (74%)

mMRC score

0 [0–0]

1 [0–1] a

1.5 [1–2] ab

2 [2–3] abc

3 [2–4] abcd

CAT score

5.50 [0.25-8]

13 [9–18] a

22 [18-27.75] ab

32 [29–34] abc

34 [32–37] abcd

FEV1% predicted value

89.90 (3.63)

87.72 (5.20)

64.56 (8.51) ab

39.89 (5.24) abc

20.85 (5.66) abcd

FEV1/FVC

80.50 (2.57)

59.17 (5.52) a

55.29 (5.04) ab

46.65(6.74) abc

36.15(7.03) abcd

RV (L)

1.86 [1.66–1.98]

2.15 [1.84–2.34] a

2.38 [2.16–2.59] ab

2.96 [2.71–3.27] abc

3.36 [2.86–3.77] abc

TLC (L)

5.70 (0.30)

5.46 (0.35) a

5.79 (0.42) b

6.19 (0.39) abc

6.33 (0.50) abc

RV/TLC

0.33 [0.30–0.35]

0.38 [0.35–0.44] a

0.42 [0.38–0.45] ab

0.49 [0.45–0.53] abc

0.54 [0.46–0.59] abc

FRC (L)

2.68 (0.28)

3.11 (0.37) a

3.35 (0.44) ab

4.20 (0.39) abc

4.66 (0.36) abcd

IC (L)

3.00 [2.90–3.20]

2.30 [2.00-2.70] a

2.50 [2.00-2.80] a

2.00 [1.57–2.33] abc

1.70 [1.40–2.10] abc

DE at tidal inspiration (mm)

21.90 [18.65–27.13]

23.90 [21.25–26.23]

20.60 [19.23–22.55]b

17.05 [15.18–18.10] abc

16.40 [13.60–18.80] abc

DE at maximal deep inspiration (mm)

60.10 [55.18–76.33]

36.45 [23.58–49.60] a

34.45 [29.55–40.08] a

37.30 [33.85–39.13] a

33.10 [29.80–40.30] a

TF at tidal inspiration

1.30 [1.00-1.60]

0.67 [0.53–0.78] a

0.54 [0.48–0.68] ab

0.35 [0.22–0.45] abc

0.12 [0.02–0.41] abc

TF at maximal deep inspiration

1.92 [1.40–2.59]

1.69 [1.53–1.98]

1.17 [0.90–1.50] ab

0.89 [0.46–1.18] abc

0.73 [0.19–1.08] abc

  1. All data are presented as either n (%) for categorical variables or median [IQR] and mean (SD) for continuous variables
  2. COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, GOLD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, mMRC modified Medical Research Council, CAT COPD Assessment Test, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC forced vital capacity, RV residual volume, TLC total lung capacity, FRC functional residual capacity, IC inspiratory capacity, DE diaphragm excursion, TF thickening fraction
  3. acompared with the healthy control group, P < 0.05; bcompared with the mild COPD group, P < 0.05; ccompared with the moderate COPD group, P < 0.05; d compared with the severe COPD group, P < 0.05
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

ISSN: 1471-2466

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