Health-related quality of life decreases in young people with asthma during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood: a birth cohort study

Table 5 General health at the 24-year follow-up in relation to asthma, asthma control, physical activity and age at onset of asthma (n_tot = 2,268)

Questions asked	n	General health at 24-year follow-up
Questions asked		How are you feeling?	How healthy do you consider yourself to be?	How happy are you with your life right now?
Response options		Not good/fairly good/good versus Excellent/very good	Not very healthy/fairly healthy versus Completely healthy	I am not happy at all/I am not very happy/I am fairly happy versus I am very happy
		OR_adj^e (95% CI)	OR_adj^e (95% CI)	OR_adj^e (95% CI)
Asthma at the 24-year follow-up
No	1876	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Yes^a	323	1.2 (1.0–1.6)	2.1 (1.7–2.7)	1.1 (0.9–1.4)
Controlled/partly controlled	268	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Uncontrolled^b	52	1.7 (0.9–3.1)	3.1 (1.5–6.1)	1.3 (0.7–2.5)
Fulfilled physical activity recommendations^c	246	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Did not fulfil recommended physical activity recommendations	32	2.0 (0.9–4.3)	2.6 (1.1–6.0)	2.8 (1.1–7.1)
Age at onset of asthma ^d
Never asthma	1023	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Adolescent-onset	109	1.7 (1.2–2.6)	1.7 (1.1–2.5)	1.2 (0.8–1.8)
Persistent	269	1.3 (1.0–1.7)	1.9 (1.5–2.6)	1.1 (0.8–1.4)

^aAsthma was defined as fulfilling at least 2 of 3 criteria: symptoms of wheeze and/or breathing difficulties in the preceding 12 months, ever doctor’s diagnosis of asthma and/or use of asthma medication occasionally or regularly in the preceding 12 months
^bUncontrolled asthma defined as at least 3 of 4 symptoms: at least 4 episodes of wheeze, any night-time awakening, activity limitation and use of a symptom reliever at least 2 times/week in the preceding 12 months
^cSelf-reported amount of physical activity in the preceding 12 months. Categorised as fulfilling the WHO recommendations where adults from 18 years should do ≥ 150 min/week of moderate to vigorous activity or ≥ 75 min/week of vigorous activity
^dNever asthma: no occasion of asthma at earlier follow-ups. Adolescent-onset asthma: asthma at the 16- or 24-year follow-up, but not at earlier follow-ups. Persistent asthma: asthma at the 16- or 24-year follow-up and at least one earlier follow-up (1-, 2-, 4-, 8- or 12-year follow-ups)
^eResults obtained with logistic regression. Adjusted for sex, family history of allergic disease, and socio-economic status

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