Effects of less invasive surfactant administration versus intubation-surfactant-extubation on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: a single-center, retrospective study from China

Table 3 Comparison of secondary outcomes between the two groups

	LISA group (n = 46)^a	InSurE group (n = 102)^a	P-value
Second dose of surfactant or more	3 (6.5)	6 (5.9)	1.000
Neonatal morbidities
Pulmonary hemorrhage	2 (4.3)	5 (4.9)	1.000
Pneumothorax	0	0	NA
Surgical NEC	1 (2.2)	0 (0)	0.311
hsPDA	15 (32.6)	32 (31.4)	0.881
IVH ≥ grade III	0	0	NA
ROP ≥ stage 3	8 (17.4)	21 (20.6)	0.650
Length of hospitalization mean (SD), days	62.8 ± 18.2	65.2 ± 22.2	0.570
Respiratory support
MV days median (IQR), days	5 (1–13)	7 (1–17)	0.215
nCPAP/HFNC days median (IQR)	15 (8–22)	13 (9–30)	0.469
Oxygen days^b median (IQR)	23 (11–46)	25 (9–58)	0.318
Adverse events during surfactant administration
Apnea	2 (4.3)	7 (6.9)	0.825
Bradycardia	3 (6.5)	9 (8.8)	0.881
Surfactant reflux	11 (23.9)	10 (10.8)	0.042

LISA, less invasive surfactant administration; InSurE, intubate-surfactant-extubation; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; FIO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; hsPDA, hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; nCPAP, nasal continuous positive airway pressure; MV, mechanical ventilation; HFNC: high flow nasal catheter; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation
^aData are expressed as numbers (%) unless otherwise indicated
^bOxygen days: days of hospitalization where oxygen by mask or nasal tube was required

ISSN: 1471-2466