Table 1 Characteristics at baseline and during follow-up for adults with HIV and pulmonary TB*

Demographics

Age (year, mean ± standard deviation)

37.2 (± 8.1)

–

–

–

Male sex (n, %)

52 (58%)

–

–

–

Ever smoke (n, %)

32 (36%)

–

–

–

Clinical characteristics (mean ± standard deviation)

6MWT^a (meters)

393 (± 68.5)

400 (± 55.6)

413 (± 55.4)

430 (± 69.6)

Time between anti-tuberculosis treatment and antiretroviral therapy (days)

30 (± 18)

Sputum culture positivity^b (count (%))

39 (44%)

–

–

–

Body mass index (kg/m²)

19.9 (± 3.4)

–

–

–

CD4 count (cells/mm³)

148 (± 133)

–

–

–

Plasma HIV RNA level (log₁₀ (copies/mm³))

5.31 (± 1.1)

–

–

–

FVC (liters)

3.1 (± 0.9)

3.10 (± 0.8)

3.17 (± 0.8)

3.29 (± 0.8)

FVC predicted (%)^a

83.4 (± 19.0)

84.7 (± 19.1)

86.3 (± 15.2)

88.0 (± 15.5)

FEV₁ (liters)

2.4 (± 0.7)

2.3 (± 0.6)

2.4 (± 0.7)

2.5 (± 0.6)

FEV₁ predicted^a (%)

76.6 (± 19.4)

75.8 (± 18.5)

78.9 (± 18.5)

80.7 (± 15.2)

COPD assessment test total score^a

7.3 (± 6.3)

3.8 (± 5.0)

1.5 (± 2.8)

0.7 (± 1.7)

Biomarkers (mean ± standard deviation)

Collagen Ia^a (pg/mL)

2520 (± 1840)

2740 (± 1780)

5180 (± 2630)

–

TIMP-1^a (ng/)

179 (± 106)

185 (± 113)

148 (± 102)

–

CCL-2^a (pg/mL)

230 (± 106)

183 (± 75.8)

187 (± 84.7)

–

CXCL-11^a (pg/mL)

101 (± 86.8)

66.3 (± 82.8)

56.7 (± 70.5)

–

IL-8 (pg/mL)^a

13.0 (± 7.38)

12.7 (± 9.27)

8.79 (± 4.34)

–

MMP-1 (pg/mL)^a

1040 (± 809)

1070 (± 745)

843 (± 605)

–

VCAM-1 (ng/mL)^a

2240 (± 1320)

1810 (± 1370)

1210 (± 707)

–

CXCL-10 (pg/mL)^a

534 (± 637)

398 (± 512)

206 (± 160)

–

IL-6 (pg/mL)^a

7.31 (± 10.9)

10.1 (± 29.2)

3.48 (± 7.39)

–

M-CSF (pg/mL)^a

187 (± 128)

164 (± 129)

113 (± 84.6)

–

Plasminogen activator (pg/mL)^a

930 (± 318)

885 (± 300)

751 (± 233)

–

VEGF (pg/mL)

17.0 (± 9.49)

15.9 (± 10.6)

14.4 (± 10.1)

–