Clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia developing secondary Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection

Table 4 Multivariable logistic regression of factors associated with KP-pneumonia/KP-BSI

Variable	Unadjusted OR (95%CI)	P-value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	P-value
Male sex (%)	1.69 (1.03,2.75)	0.040	3.7 (1.44–9.5)	0.006
Hospitalization ward at KP pneumonia onset	3.78 (2.26,6.33)	0.010
Chronic cardiac insufficiency	1.97 (1.13,3.43)	0.017
Chronic renal failure	3.03 (1.13,8.14)	0.028
Immunosuppressive	2.565 (1.08,6.10)	0.033	13.52 (2.53,72.22)	0.002
CRRT	4.86 (2.59,9.11)	0.000
Mechanical ventilation	6.49 (3.34,12.61)	0.000	4.96 ( 1.2,20.5)	0.027
Blood transfusion	5.85 (3.53,9.70)	0.000
Parenteral nutrition	1.77 (1.08,2.88)	0.023
central line catheter	4.26 (2.36,7.69)	0.000
Indwelling urinary catheter	4.27 (2.12,8.59)	0.00
Prior hospitalized^a	2.08 (1.36,3.18)	0.001
Prior mechanical ventilation^a	2.94 (1.73,5.00)	0.000
Prior antibiotic exposure^a	1.95 (1.27,2.98)	0.002
Nosocomial infection	5.46 (3.15,9.47)	0.000
ESBL-KP	13.89 (8.09,23.86)	0.000	12.93 (5.26–31.76)	0.000
Inappropriate antimicrobial therapy	5.96 (3.76,9.46)	0.000	12.38 (5.36–28.58)	0.000
Days of antibiotic use^b > 2.5d	4.86 (3.13,7.56)	0.000
Days of hospitalization^b > 3.5d	3.49 (2.26,5.39)	0.000
Days in ICU^b > 2.5d	1.13 (1.07,1.18)	0.000	1.09 (1.02,1.17)	0.013
APACHE II score > 21	4.69 (3.02,7.29)	0.000	3.39 (1.41–8.12)	0.006
SOFA score > 6.5	1.25 (1.18,1.32)	0.000
PCT > 1.8 ng/mL	6.48 (4.12,10.2)	0.000	6.37 (2.67,5.23)	0.000
CRP > 162.5 mg/L	3.75 (2.42,5.8)	0.000

Abbreviations: KP Klebsiella pneumoniae, KP pneumonia /KP-BSI KP pneumonia secondary Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, CRRT Continuous renal replacement therapy, ESBL-positive KP klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing extended spectrum β-lactamase, ICU Intensive care unit, APACHE Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, SOFA Sequential organ failure assessment, ALB Albumin, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, TBIL Total bilirubin, SCr Serum creatinine, WBC White blood count, ANC Absolute neutrophil count, HB Hemoglobin, PCT Procalcitonin, CRP C-reactive protein
^ain recent 3 months
^bbefore sputum culture positive

ISSN: 1471-2466