Table 3 Cox regression analysis on the association between in-hospital antibiotic use and time to discharge alive

Main analysis

n events/total = 397/430

n events/total = 362/385

n events/total = 209/228

No in-hospital AB

138

Reference

Reference

Reference

In-hospital AB (all)

293

0.61 [0.49; 0.75], p < 0.001

0.60 [0.47; 0.76], p < 0.001

0.60 [0.43; 0.84], p = 0.003

Subgroup analysis 1: by AB

n events/total = 267/292

n events/total = 249/266

n events/total = 154/168

Co-amoxiclav

188

Reference

Reference

Reference

Pip-tazo

24

0.54 [0.34; 0.86], p = 0.010

0.49 [0.30; 0.80], p = 0.004

0.39 [0.22; 0.69], p = 0.001

Azithromycin

24

1.06 [0.69; 1.65], p = 0.782

1.22 [0.78; 1.91], p = 0.387

1.09 [0.62; 1.89], p = 0.769

Moxifloxacin

32

0.74 [0.50; 1.10], p = 0.142

0.82 [0.54; 1.26], p = 0.363

0.87 [0.50; 1.52], p = 0.628

Other

25

0.53 [0.34; 0.82], p = 0.005

0.49 [0.31; 0.79], p = 0.003

0.45 [0.24; 0.83], p = 0.011

Subgroup analysis 2: by SCS

n events/total = 397/430

n events/total = 362/385

n events/total = 209/228

No AB, no SCS

17

Reference

Reference

Reference

Only SCS

121

0.56 [0.33; 0.96], p = 0.033

0.60 [0.34; 1.06], p = 0.080

0.70 [0.33; 1.49], p = 0.349

Only AB

52

0.50 [0.28; 0.88], p = 0.016

0.50 [0.27; 0.93], p = 0.029

0.60 [0.27; 1.36], p = 0.222

AB and SCS

241

0.34 [0.20; 0.57], p < 0.001

0.37 [0.21; 0.65], p < 0.001

0.42 [0.20; 0.88], p = 0.022