Table 1 Baseline characteristics of COPD patients who incorrectly performed a critical step of a prescribed inhalation technique for any one inhaler device before receiving inhalation training by a pharmacist (N = 66)
Characteristics | n = 66 | Characteristics | n = 66 |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), (min, max) | 73 ± 9 (51, 93) | Number of device models |  |
Age (years) | Â | 1 device | 19 (28.8) |
  ≥ 65 | 52 (78.8) | 2 devices | 38 (57.6) |
  < 65 | 14 (21.2) | 3 devices | 9 (13.6) |
Sex: Male | 63 (95.5) | Type of devices | Â |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.6 ± 3.9 | pMDI only | 16 (24.2) |
Education level |  | pMDI + 1 DPI | 36 (54.5) |
 Lower education (≤ 6 years) | 36 (54.5) | pMDI + 2 DPIs | 9 (13.6) |
 Higher education (> 6 years) | 30 (45.5) | DPIs only | 3 (4.5) |
Smoking status | Â | 2 DPIs | 2 (3.0) |
 Never smokers | 1 (1.5) | Duration of prescribed inhalers |  |
 Ex-smokers | 57 (86.4) |  ≤ 6 months | 11 (16.7) |
 Current smokers | 8 (12.1) |  > 6 months | 55 (83.3) |
COPD duration (years) |  | Mean MoCA score (n = 57) | 19.3 ± 4.8 (10, 28) |
  < 1 | 8 (12.1) | MoCA scorec(n = 57) |  |
 1—3 | 20 (30.3) |  ≤ 24 points | 46 (80.7) |
  > 3 | 38 (57.6) |  > 24 points | 11 (19.3) |
FEV1/FVC (%) | 50.6 ± 11.3 |  ≤ 16 points | 16 (28.1) |
Severity of COPDa |  |  > 16 points | 41 (71.9) |
 Mild | 14 (21.2) | MoCA domain score, mean ± SD, (percentage score)d | |
 Moderate | 32 (48.5) | Visuospatial/executive (5 points) | 2.8 ± 1.4 (55.8) |
 Severe | 18 (27.3) | Naming (3 points) | 2.8 ± 0.5 (94.7) |
 Very severe | 2 (3.0) | Attention (6 points) | 4.2 ± 1.5 (70.2) |
mMRC, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0–2) | Language (3 points) | 1.0 ± 1.1 (32.7) |
 mean ± SD (min,max) | 1.2 ± 1.3 (0, 4) | Abstraction (2 points) | 1.2 ± 0.8 (58.8) |
CAT, (min,max) | 11.3 ± 8.0 (1, 33) | Delayed recall (5 points) | 1.4 ± 1.6 (28.4) |
Exacerbations in 1 yearb | 20 (30.3) | Orientation (6 points) | 5.4 ± 0.9 (89.8) |
Previous inhaler education | 62 (93.9) | Â | Â |