Cognitive impairment according to Montreal Cognitive Assessment independently predicts the ability of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients to maintain proper inhaler technique

Table 3 Comparison of scores from different cognitive domains of Montreal Cognitive Assessment between patients with incorrect technique and those with correct technique at 1 month after inhaler use training

MoCA domains		Incorrect technique at 1 month after training (n = 30)		Correct technique at 1 month after training (n = 27)		p-value
MoCA domains		Mean ± SD	Percentage score^a	Mean ± SD	Percentage score^a	p-value
Delayed recall	(5 points)	1.2 ± 1.5	24.0	1.7 ± 1.6	33.3	0.259
Language	(3 points)	0.8 ± 1.1	27.8	1.1 ± 1.1	38.3	0.289
Visuospatial/executive	(5 points)	2.5 ± 1.5	49.3	3.1 ± 1.2	63.0	0.068
Abstraction	(2 points)	1.1 ± 0.8	53.3	1.3 ± 0.7	64.8	0.258
Attention	(6 points)	3.7 ± 1.6	62.2	4.7 ± 1.2	79.0	0.011*
Orientation	(6 points)	5.3 ± 1.0	88.3	5.5 ± 0.8	91.4	0.472
Naming	(3 points)	2.8 ± 0.5	94.4	2.9 ± 0.5	95.1	0.880
Total score	(30 points)	18.1 ± 5.3	60.2	20.7 ± 3.8	69.0	0.034*

^aThe percentage score was calculated using the mean score/maximum possible score in each cognitive domain
^* p < 0.05, suggesting statistical significance

ISSN: 1471-2466