From: Prevalence and clinical impact of frailty in COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
First author/Year | Country | Design | Settings | Sample size | Frailty measure | Age(year) | Male(N, %) | Smoking status(never/former/current, N) | GOLD (I/II/III/IV, N) | Frailty prevalence, (N, %) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Finamore 2021 [22] | Italy | Clinical trial | Patients with stable COPD (GOLD I-III) | 53 | PRISMA-7: score equal or above 3 indicates individuals with an increased risk to be frail; TUG: A cutoff of 10 s has demonstrated to be sensitive in discriminating frail individuals | 73 ± 8 | 26,49% | NA | 1/35/17/0 | 38, 71.70% |
Kagiali 2022 [23] | Turkey | Cross-sectional | Patients with stable COPD | 48 | FFP | Frail group: 67.35 ± 5.13; Non-frail group: 65.11 ± 4.66 | 38,79% | NA | NA | 20, 41.67% |
Kennedy 2019 [10] | America | Cohort-study | Nonsmokers (abstinent > 6 month) with moderate to severe COPD | 886 | FFP | 67 (IQR, 63–70) | 563,63.5% | never + former: 886 | NA | 57, 6.43% |
Luo 2021 [11] | China | Cohort-study | Older adults (≥ 65) with stable COPD | 309 | FFP | 86 (IQR: 80–90) | 241,78% | 143/99/67 | 114/162/30/3 | 154, 49.84% |
Gale 2018 [26] | UK | Cross-sectional | Community-based patients with stable COPD | 520 | FI-GCA | Frail: 63.7 ± 8.2; Non-frail: 67.1 ± 7.1 | 270, 51.9% | NA | NA | 143, 27.50% |
Galizia 2011 [34] | Italy | Cohort-study | Patients aged 65y with COPD | 489 | Frailty staging system combining seven core domains of functioning: disability, mobility, cognitive function, visual function, hearing function, urinary continence, and social support. | 74.9 ± 6.3 | 268,54.8% | 253/127/109 | NA | 239, 48.88% |
Gephine 2021 [25] | Canada | Cross-sectional | Patients with COPD (aged 40y) with chronic respiratory failure | 44 | FFP | 66 ± 8 | 30.68% | NA | 0/3/18/23 | 19, 43.18% |
Park 2021 [36] | Korea | Cross-sectional | Community-based patients with COPD | 417 | Six criteria were available including weight loss, physical activity, mobility, hearing, strength for physical frailty, and anxiety/depression for psychological frailty. | 65.36 ± 9.35 | 409,98.1% | 0/258/159 | 207/194/15(1/2/3&4) | 148, 35.49% |
Kusunose 2017 [27] | Japan | Cross-sectional | Patients with stable COPD | 79 | The Kihon Checklist | 74.8 ± 6.3 | NA | Former + current: 79 | 24/40/12/3 | 17, 21.52% |
Maddocks 2016 [29] | UK | Cohort study | Outpatients with stable COPD | 816 | FFP | 69.8 ± 9.7 | 484,59.3% | 54/624/146 | NA | 209, 25.61% |
Medina-Mirapeix 2018 [32] | Spain | Cross-sectional | Outpatients with stable COPD aged 40–80 years | 137 | FFP | 66.9 ± 8.3 | 120,87.6% | NA | NA | 12, 8.76% |
Naval 2021 [24] | Spain | Cross-sectional | Outpatients with stable COPD | 127 | FFP | 66.5 ± 7.9 | 108,85.0% | NA | 1/58/57/9 | 31, 24.41% |
Yee 2020 [13] | USA | Cohort study | Outpatients with COPD | 280 | FFP | Frail: 68.6 ± 9.2; Prefrail:66.9 ± 8.4; Non-frail:69.4 ± 8.0 | 224,80% | Current smoker: 76 | 0/112/115/55 | 64, 22.86% |
Dias 2020 [35] | Brasil | Cross-sectional | Outpatients with COPD | 153 | FRAIL Scale | Frail: 67.0 (61.0–71.5); Prefrail:70.0 (65.0–73.0); Non-frail:69.5 (60.5–80.5) | 84,54.9% | NA | NA | 77, 50.33% |
Hanlon 2022 [30] | UK | Cohort study | Community-based patients with COPD aged 40–70 years | 3011 | FFP*; the frailty index | 61.9 ± 5.9 | 1650,54.8% | 477/1580/926 | 1141/993/500/102 | 514, 17.07% |
Hirai 2019 [28] | Japan | Cross-sectional | Older (aged ≥ 65 years) outpatients with COPD | 201 | The Kihon Checklist*; Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study; Study of Osteoporotic Fractures | 76 (IQR: 70–81) | 175,87% | NA | 46/102/42/10 | 76, 37.81% |
Lahousse 2016 [31] | The Netherlands | Cohort study | Community-based patients with COPD | 402 | FFP | 75 ± 9 | 229,57% | 62/259/81 | 200/174/28/0 | 41, 10.20% |
Bernabeu-Mora 2017 [14] | Spain | Cohort study | Patients during hospitalization for AECOPD | 102 | REFS | 71.0 ± 9.1 | 96,93.2% | Active smoker: 35 | NA | 57, 55.88% |
Scarlata 2021 [33] | Italy | Cohort study | Outpatients with stable COPD | 150 | Frailty index | 73 ± 8 | 107,72% | 15/84/51 | NA | 71, 47.33% |
Ushida 2022 [12] | Japan | Cohort study | Patients admitted by ambulance with COPD | 3,396 | HFRS | 75.9 ± 11.2 | 2703,79.6% | NA | NA | 14% |