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  2. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a chronic respiratory disease for which there is little psycho-social research and no qualitative studies of individuals living with the condition. A questionnaire-based sur...

    Authors: Simon Whalley and IC McManus

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:25

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Asthma and allergic diseases are becoming increasingly frequent in children in urban centres of Latin America although the prevalence of allergic disease is still low in rural areas. Understanding better why t...

    Authors: Philip J Cooper, Martha E Chico, Maritza G Vaca, Alejandro Rodriguez, Neuza M Alcântara-Neves, Bernd Genser, Lain Pontes de Carvalho, Renato T Stein, Alvaro A Cruz, Laura C Rodrigues and Mauricio L Barreto

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:24

    Content type: Study protocol

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  4. Several studies investigated the association of anemia with health related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with chronic disease. However, there is little evidence regarding the association of anemia with HR...

    Authors: Gokul Krishnan, Brydon J Grant, Paola C Muti, Archana Mishra, Heather M Ochs-Balcom, Jo L Freudenheim, Maurizio Trevisan and Holger J Schünemann

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:23

    Content type: Research article

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  5. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the integrated Practical Approach to Lung Health in South Africa (PALSA) guideline in identifying patients requiring bacteriological screening for tuberculosis (TB), and ...

    Authors: René G English, Max O Bachmann, Eric D Bateman, Merrick F Zwarenstein, Lara R Fairall, Angeni Bheekie, Bosielo P Majara, Carl Lombard, Robert Scherpbier and Salah Eddine Ottomani

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:22

    Content type: Research article

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  6. A design concept of low-cost, simple, fully mechanical model of a mechanically ventilated, passively breathing lung is developed. An example model is built to simulate a patient under mechanical ventilation wi...

    Authors: J Geoffrey Chase, Toshinori Yuta, Kerry J Mulligan, Geoffrey M Shaw and Beverley Horn

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:21

    Content type: Technical advance

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  7. In ventilated newborns the use of multiple breath washout (MBW) techniques for measuring both lung volume and ventilation inhomogeneity (VI) is hampered by the comparatively high dead space fraction. We studie...

    Authors: G Schmalisch, H Proquitté, CC Roehr and RR Wauer

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:20

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Anemic syndrome is a frequent problem in intensive care units. The most probable etiology is the suppression of the erythropoietin response due to the direct effects of cytokines, as well as frequent blood sam...

    Authors: David Yepes, Bladimir Gil, Olga Hernandez, Rodrigo Murillo, Marco Gonzalez and Juan Pablo Velasquez

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:18

    Content type: Study protocol

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  10. The inhalation of normal or hypertonic saline during sputum induction (SI) may act as an indirect bronchoconstrictive stimulus leading to dyspnea and lung function deterioration. Our aim was to assess dyspnea ...

    Authors: Demosthenes Makris, Nikolaos Tzanakis, Joanna Moschandreas and Nikolaos M Siafakas

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:17

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Detecting serum antibody against inhaled antigens is an important diagnostic adjunct for hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). We sought to validate a quantitative fluorimetric assay testing serum from bird fanci...

    Authors: Charles McSharry, George M Dye, Tengku Ismail, Kenneth Anderson, Elizabeth M Spiers and Gavin Boyd

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:16

    Content type: Research article

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  12. The prevalence of asthma and allergic diseases has increased in industrialised countries, and it is known that rates vary according whether the area is urban or rural and to socio-economic status. Surveys cond...

    Authors: Mauricio L Barreto, Sergio S Cunha, Neuza Alcântara-Neves, Lain P Carvalho, Álvaro A Cruz, Renato T Stein, Bernd Genser, Philip J Cooper and Laura C Rodrigues

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:15

    Content type: Study protocol

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  13. Different lung function equipment and different respiratory manoeuvres may produce different Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) results. Although the PEF is the most common lung function test, there have been few stud...

    Authors: Thomas Bongers and B Ronan O'Driscoll

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:14

    Content type: Research article

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  14. This study examined the attitudes and actions of 3415 physician-recruited adults aged ≥ 16 years with asthma in eleven countries who were prescribed regular maintenance therapy with inhaled corticosteroids or ...

    Authors: Martyn R Partridge, Thys van der Molen, Sven-Erik Myrseth and William W Busse

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:13

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Although personal cigarette smoking is the most important cause and modulator of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure could influence the course of the disease. Despite...

    Authors: Mark D Eisner, John Balmes, Edward H Yelin, Patricia P Katz, S Katherine Hammond, Neal Benowitz and Paul D Blanc

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:12

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Although both smoking and respiratory complaints are very common, tools to improve diagnostic accuracy are scarce in primary care. This study aimed to reveal what inflammatory patterns prevail in clinically es...

    Authors: Niels H Chavannes, Juanita HJ Vernooy, Tjard RJ Schermer, Jan A Jacobs, Mieke A Dentener, Chris van Weel, Onno CP van Schayck and Emiel FM Wouters

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:11

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Although it is recognised that smoking is a major risk factor for subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is associated with respiratory symptoms, there is less agreement concerning the relatio...

    Authors: Peter Frank, Julie Morris, Michelle Hazell, Mary Linehan and Timothy Frank

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:10

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a complex chronic lung disease in premature children in which oxidative stress and surfactant deficiency play a crucial role, is characterized by arrested alveolar and vascular deve...

    Authors: Simone AJ ter Horst, Margot Fijlstra, Sujata Sengupta, Frans J Walther and Gerry TM Wagenaar

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:8

    Content type: Research article

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  20. Symptomatic respiratory tract involvement is not common in Crohn's disease. Upper-airway obstruction has been reported before in Crohn's disease and usually responds well to steroid treatment.

    Authors: Maria Plataki, Eleni Tzortzaki, Irene Lambiri, Elpida Giannikaki, Armin Ernst and Nikolaos M Siafakas

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:7

    Content type: Case report

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  21. Smoking is known to cause chronic inflammatory changes in the bronchi and to contribute to airway hyper-reactivity, such as in bronchial asthma. To study the effect of smoking on the endothelin system in rat a...

    Authors: Bengt W Granström, Cang-Bao Xu, Elisabeth Nilsson, Petter Vikman and Lars Edvinsson

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:6

    Content type: Research article

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  22. A quantitative understanding of airway sizes and proportions and a reference point for comparisons are important to a pediatric bronchoscopist. The aims of this study were to measure large airway areas, and de...

    Authors: Ian B Masters, Robert S Ware, Paul V Zimmerman, Brian Lovell, Richard Wootton, Paul V Francis and Anne B Chang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:5

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Clearance of inhaled technetium-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (99mTc-DTPA) is a marker of epithelial damage and an index of lung epithelial permeability. The aim of this study was to investigate the rol...

    Authors: Katerina M Antoniou, Katerina Malagari, Nikolaos Tzanakis, Kostas Perisinakis, Emmanouil K Symvoulakis, Nikolaos Karkavitsas, Nikolaos M Siafakas and Demosthenes Bouros

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:4

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Systemic inflammation is associated with various complications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including weight loss, cachexia, osteoporosis, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Inhaled corticosteroid...

    Authors: Don D Sin, SF Paul Man, Darcy D Marciniuk, Gordon Ford, Mark FitzGerald, Eric Wong, Ernest York, Rajesh R Mainra, Warren Ramesh, Lyle S Melenka, Eric Wilde, Robert L Cowie, Dave Williams and Roxanne Rousseau

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:3

    Content type: Study protocol

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  25. Reduced forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) has been linked to non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it is unclear whether all or only certain histological subtypes of NSCLC are associated with r...

    Authors: Samir Malhotra, Stephen Lam, SF Paul Man, Wen Q Gan and Don D Sin

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:2

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Hemoptysis is a significant clinical presentation in respiratory medicine. Often a life threatening emergency, it mandates prompt assessment and intervention. Various investigations and management protocols ar...

    Authors: Omer Ashraf

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2006 6:1

    Content type: Study protocol

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  27. Hepatocyte and keratinocyte growth factors are key growth factors in the process of alveolar repair. We hypothesized that excessive alveolar destruction observed in lung emphysema involves impaired expression ...

    Authors: Marcel Bonay, Anne Boutten, Véronique Leçon-Malas, Joëlle Marchal, Paul Soler, Michel Fournier, Guy Leseche, Monique Dehoux and Bruno Crestani

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2005 5:13

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Recent studies suggest that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may have beneficial effects for patients at risk for some types of infections. We examined the effect of prior outpatient use of ACE i...

    Authors: Eric M Mortensen, Marcos I Restrepo, Antonio Anzueto and Jacqueline Pugh

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2005 5:12

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Infectious respiratory diseases are transmitted to non-infected subjects when an infected person expels pathogenic microorganisms to the surrounding environment when coughing or sneezing. When the airway mucus...

    Authors: Gustavo Zayas, John Dimitry, Ana Zayas, Darryl O'Brien and Malcolm King

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2005 5:11

    Content type: Research article

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  30. The effects of changes in cooling temperature on biomarker levels in exhaled breath condensate have been little investigated. The aim of the study was to test the effect of condensation temperature on the para...

    Authors: Matteo Goldoni, Andrea Caglieri, Roberta Andreoli, Diana Poli, Paola Manini, Maria Vittoria Vettori, Massimo Corradi and Antonio Mutti

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2005 5:10

    Content type: Research article

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  31. We hypothesized that sympathetic nervous system activity (SNSA) is increased and parasympathetic nervous system activity (PNSA) is decreased during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in non-apneic, otherwise ...

    Authors: Gregory J Gates, Susan E Mateika and Jason H Mateika

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2005 5:9

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Sarcoidosis is thought to be a T-helper type 1 cytokine (Th2 cytokine) mediated disorder. Induced sputum (IS) has been proposed as a useful non-invasive method, mainly for the assessment of the airway diseases...

    Authors: Ioanna Tsiligianni, Katerina M Antoniou, Despina Kyriakou, Nikolaos Tzanakis, George Chrysofakis, Nikolaos M Siafakas and Demosthenes Bouros

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2005 5:8

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Asthma changes both the volume and patterns of healthcare of affected people. Most studies of asthma health care utilization have been done in selected insured populations or in a single site such as the emerg...

    Authors: Barbara P Yawn, George E Fryer, Robert L Phillips, Susan M Dovey, David Lanier and Larry A Green

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2005 5:7

    Content type: Research article

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  34. There is considerable evidence from the literature that children with chronic lung disease of infancy (CLD) have abnormal pulmonary function in childhood and this could have an impact on their life quality and...

    Authors: Saad Alotaibi, David Johnson, Mark Montegomery, Reginald Sauve and Sheldon Spier

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2005 5:6

    Content type: Study protocol

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  35. The recent increase in childhood asthma has been a puzzling one. Recent views focus on the role of infection in the education of the immune system of young children. However, this so called hygiene hypothesis ...

    Authors: Wasim Maziak

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2005 5:5

    Content type: Debate

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  36. Multiple studies have linked fungal exposure to asthma, but the link to severe asthma is controversial. We studied the relationship between asthma severity and immediate type hypersensitivity to mold (fungal) ...

    Authors: B Ronan O'Driscoll, Linda C Hopkinson and David W Denning

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2005 5:4

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Whether inhaled corticosteroids suppress airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains controversial. We sought to determine the effects of inhaled corticosteroids on sputum indic...

    Authors: Wen Qi Gan, SF Paul Man and Don D Sin

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2005 5:3

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Asthma is a complex genetic disease with more than 20 genome-wide scans conducted so far. Regions on almost every chromosome have been linked to asthma and several genes have been associated. However, most of ...

    Authors: Janine Altmüller, Corinna Seidel, Young-Ae Lee, Sabine Loesgen, Dieter Bulle, Frank Friedrichs, Heidemarie Jellouschek, Julika Kelber, Angela Keller, Antje Schuster, Michael Silbermann, Wolfgang Wahlen, Peter Wolff, Gerhard Schlenvoigt, Franz Rüschendorf, Peter Nürnberg…

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2005 5:1

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Prophylactic treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for 3 months or more is associated with a reduction in the frequency of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This raises the questio...

    Authors: Peter N Black, Althea Morgan-Day, Tracey E McMillan, Phillippa J Poole and Robert P Young

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2004 4:13

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) commonly require hospitalization and admission to intensive care unit (ICU). It is useful to identify patients at the time of ad...

    Authors: GC Khilnani, Amit Banga and SK Sharma

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2004 4:12

    Content type: Research article

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  42. A number of subjects, especially the very young and the elderly, are unable to cooperate and to perform forced expiratory manoeuvres in the evaluation of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). The objective of o...

    Authors: Panagiotis Panagou, Ioannis Kottakis, Argyris Tzouvelekis, Stavros Anevlavis and Demosthenes Bouros

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2004 4:11

    Content type: Research article

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  44. Many trials of nebulized therapy have used nebulized saline as a "placebo". However, nebulized isotonic saline is sometimes used to assist sputum expectoration and relieve breathlessness in COPD patients. We d...

    Authors: Shahina Y Khan and B Ronan O'Driscoll

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2004 4:9

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. Non-invasive monitoring of respiratory muscle function is an area of increasing research interest, resulting in the appearance of new monitoring devices, one of these being piezoelectric contact sensors. The p...

    Authors: José Antonio Fiz, Raimon Jané, Abel Torres, Josep Morera, Batxi Galdiz, Joaquín Gea and Alejandro Grassino

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2004 4:8

    Content type: Technical advance

    Published on:

  46. The long acting β2-agonists, salmeterol and formoterol, have been recommended, by some, as first line treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We reviewed evidence of efficacy and safe...

    Authors: Don Husereau, Vijay Shukla, Michel Boucher, Shaila Mensinkai and Robert Dales

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2004 4:7

    Content type: Research article

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  47. The predictive role of many cytokines has not been well defined in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

    Authors: Demosthenes Bouros, Michael G Alexandrakis, Katerina M Antoniou, Panagiotis Agouridakis, Ioannis Pneumatikos, Stavros Anevlavis, Athanasia Pataka, George Patlakas, Nikolaos Karkavitsas and Despina Kyriakou

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2004 4:6

    Content type: Research article

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  48. Physical exercise has become a cornerstone of management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because it leads to clinically relevant improvements of exercise capacity and health-related quality of ...

    Authors: Milo A Puhan, Gilbert Büsching, Evelien vanOort, Christian Zaugg, Holger J Schünemann and Martin Frey

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2004 4:5

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  49. We tested the hypothesis that ventilatory drive in hypoxia and hypercapnia is inversely correlated with the number of hypopneas and obstructive apneas per hour of sleep (obstructive apnea hypopnea index, OAHI)...

    Authors: Ralph F Fregosi, Stuart F Quan, Andrew C Jackson, Kris L Kaemingk, Wayne J Morgan, Jamie L Goodwin, Jenny C Reeder, Rosaria K Cabrera and Elena Antonio

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2004 4:4

    Content type: Research article

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  50. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) which is an important part of all nosocomial infections in intensive care unit (ICU) is a serious illness with substantial morbidity and mortality, and increases costs of ...

    Authors: Riza Hakan Erbay, Ata Nevzat Yalcin, Mehmet Zencir, Simay Serin and Habip Atalay

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2004 4:3

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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