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  1. Dyspnea may be a presenting symptom in progressive systemic sclerosis (SSc). Respiratory drive (mouth occlusion pressure, MOP, at rest and during CO2 rebreathing, 7% CO2, 93% O2) is a major determinant of dyspnea...

    Authors: Maarten K Ninaber, Willem BGJ Hamersma, Annemie JM Schuerwegh and Jan Stolk
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:57
  2. In Europe, administration of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) combined with a long-acting β2 agonist is approved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with a pre-bronchodilator FEV1 < 60% predic...

    Authors: Nicolas Roche, Céline Pribil, Eric Van Ganse, Philippe Serrier, Bruno Housset, Déborah Poirier, Nathalie Texier, Stéphane Schück and Isabelle Boucot
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:56
  3. Altered cardiac repolarization and increased dispersion of repolarization have been identified as risk factors for sudden cardiac death (SCD). The prevalence of and the mechanisms contributing to altered cardi...

    Authors: Noriane A Sievi, Christian F Clarenbach, Giovanni Camen, Valentina A Rossi, Arnoldus JR van Gestel and Malcolm Kohler
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:55
  4. Proactive palliative care is not yet common practice for patients with COPD. Important barriers are the identification of patients with a poor prognosis and the organization of proactive palliative care dedica...

    Authors: Ria G Duenk, Yvonne Heijdra, Stans C Verhagen, Richard PNR Dekhuijzen, Kris CP Vissers and Yvonne Engels
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:54
  5. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed as a mechanism in the progression of airway diseases and cancer. Here, we explored the role of acetylcholine (ACh) and the pathway involved in the proc...

    Authors: Kai Yang, Yun Song, Ya-Bing Tang, Zu-Peng Xu, Wei Zhou, Li-Na Hou, Liang Zhu, Zhi-Hua Yu, Hong-Zhuan Chen and Yong-Yao Cui
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:53
  6. AZD9164 has demonstrated potential as an inhaled, long-acting, muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) bronchodilator. However, in patients with COPD, but not in healthy subjects, a transient initial drop in FEV1 was observ...

    Authors: Carin Jorup, Thomas Bengtsson, Kerstin Strandgården and Ulf Sjöbring
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:52
  7. Estimates of asthma incidence and its possible determinants in adolescent populations have rarely been obtained using prospective designs. We sought to identify socio-demographic and other patterns in the inci...

    Authors: Joshua A Lawson, Ian Janssen, Mark W Bruner, Alomgir Hossain and William Pickett
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:51
  8. Sarcoidosis patients have accumulations of activated CD4+ T cells in affected organs, such as the lungs. T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ-chain usage has been incompletely characterized in these patients.

    Authors: Kerstin M Ahlgren, Tina Ruckdeschel, Anders Eklund, Jan Wahlström and Johan Grunewald
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:50
  9. The diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is based on airflow obstruction. In epidemiological studies, spirometric data have often been lacking and researchers have had to rely almost solel...

    Authors: Nicola Murgia, Jonas Brisman, Annika Claesson, Giacomo Muzi, Anna-Carin Olin and Kjell Torén
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:49
  10. Heat shock protein (HSP) 47, a collagen-specific molecular chaperone, is involved in the processing and/or secretion of procollagen. We hypothesized that HSP47 could be a useful marker for fibrotic lung diseas...

    Authors: Tomoyuki Kakugawa, Shin-ichi Yokota, Yuji Ishimatsu, Tomayoshi Hayashi, Shota Nakashima, Shintaro Hara, Noriho Sakamoto, Hiroshi Kubota, Mariko Mine, Yasuhiro Matsuoka, Hiroshi Mukae, Kazuhiro Nagata and Shigeru Kohno
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:48
  11. Claims data are potentially useful for identifying long-acting β-agonist (LABA) use by patients with asthma, a practice that is associated with increased mortality. We evaluated the accuracy of claims data for...

    Authors: David D Dore, Najat Ziyadeh, Bin Cai, C Robin Clifford, Heather Norman and John D Seeger
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:47
  12. While reviews have been published on asthma management in pregnant women, none has examined the effectiveness of non-pharmacological healthcare interventions for optimizing asthma management in pregnant women....

    Authors: Elida Zairina, Kay Stewart, Michael J Abramson and Johnson George
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:46
  13. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and progressive disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance, ultimately leading to right heart failure and death. Epidemiological data fro...

    Authors: Pavel Jansa, Jiri Jarkovsky, Hikmet Al-Hiti, Jana Popelova, David Ambroz, Tomas Zatocil, Regina Votavova, Pavel Polacek, Jana Maresova, Michael Aschermann, Petr Brabec, Ladislav Dusek and Ales Linhart
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:45
  14. This report describe for the first time a clinical case with a CFTR allelic variant 186-8T/C (c.54-8 T/C) in intron 1 of CFTR and underline the importance of applying a combination of genetic and functional te...

    Authors: Sara Caldrer, Genny Verzè, Jan Johansson, Claudio Sorio, Chiara Angiari, Mario Buffelli, Baroukh Maurice Assael and Paola Melotti
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:44
  15. The study evaluated the efficacy of beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate (BDP/FF) extrafine combination versus fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (FP/S) combination in COPD patients.

    Authors: Dave Singh, Gabriele Nicolini, Eddi Bindi, Massimo Corradi, Daniele Guastalla, Jorg Kampschulte, Władysław Pierzchała, Abdullah Sayiner, Mária Szilasi, Claudio Terzano and Jørgen Vestbo
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:43
  16. Lobular Capillary Hemangioma (LCH) is a benign tumour that is known to be hormone responsive and have a relatively high incidence during pregnancy, the most common site being the gingival surfaces. A tracheal ...

    Authors: Shivesh Prakash, Shailesh Bihari and Ubbo Wiersema
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:41
  17. Asthma and allergies are world-wide common chronic diseases among children and young people. Little information is available about the prevalence of these diseases in rural areas of Latin America. This study a...

    Authors: María Teresa Solis Soto, Armando Patiño, Dennis Nowak and Katja Radon
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:40
  18. Chronic airway diseases, like asthma or COPD, are characterized by excessive acetylcholine release and airway remodeling. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of muscarinic agonists on...

    Authors: Rodopi Stamatiou, Efrosini Paraskeva, Anna Vasilaki, Ilias Mylonis, Paschalis Adam Molyvdas, Konstantinos Gourgoulianis and Apostolia Hatziefthimiou
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:39
  19. Benefits of community-based whole-body vibration (WBV) as a mode of exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have not been investigated. The low skill demand of WBV may en...

    Authors: Trentham Furness, Corey Joseph, Geraldine Naughton, Liam Welsh and Christian Lorenzen
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:38
  20. Secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (sPAP) is a very rare lung disorder comprising approximately 10% of cases of acquired PAP. Hematological disorders are the most common underlying conditions of sPAP, of...

    Authors: Haruyuki Ishii, John F Seymour, Ryushi Tazawa, Yoshikazu Inoue, Naoyuki Uchida, Aya Nishida, Yoshihito Kogure, Takeshi Saraya, Keisuke Tomii, Toshinori Takada, Yuko Itoh, Masayuki Hojo, Toshio Ichiwata, Hajime Goto and Koh Nakata
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:37
  21. Management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) places a considerable burden on hospital resources. REACH was a retrospective, observational study (NCT01293435) involving adults ≥18 years old hospitalized wit...

    Authors: Helmut Ostermann, Javier Garau, Jesús Medina, Esther Pascual, Kyle McBride and Francesco Blasi
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:36
  22. Pneumonitis is a rare complication of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy seen in patients with urothelial cancer following the repeated administration of BCG. However, no case of BCG-induced pleurisy...

    Authors: Makoto Tobiume, Tsutomu Shinohara, Takahira Kuno, Shinji Mukai, Keishi Naruse, Nobuo Hatakeyama and Fumitaka Ogushi
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:35
  23. Dynamic gas compression during forced expiration has an influence on conventional flow-volume spirometry results. The extent of gas compression in different pulmonary disorders remains obscure. Utilizing a flo...

    Authors: Päivi L Piirilä, Ulla Hodgson, Tomi Wuorimaa, Hans-Jürgen Smith and Anssi RA Sovijärvi
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:34
  24. Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) risk lung collapse, severely altering the breath-to-breath respiratory mechanics. Model-based estimation of respiratory mechanics characterising patient...

    Authors: Erwin J van Drunen, Yeong Shiong Chiew, Christopher Pretty, Geoffrey M Shaw, Bernard Lambermont, Nathalie Janssen, J Geoffrey Chase and Thomas Desaive
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:33
  25. Cigarette smoke induces a pro-inflammatory response in airway epithelial cells but it is not clear which of the various chemicals contained within cigarette smoke (CS) should be regarded as predominantly respo...

    Authors: David M Comer, Joseph Stuart Elborn and Madeleine Ennis
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:32
  26. Air pollution has many effects on the health of both adults and children, but children’s vulnerability is unique. The aim of this review is to discuss the possible molecular mechanisms linking air pollution an...

    Authors: Susanna Esposito, Rossana Tenconi, Mara Lelii, Valentina Preti, Erica Nazzari, Silvia Consolo and Maria Francesca Patria
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:31
  27. The aim of this study was to test whether repeatable biomarkers collected from serum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and sputum of healthy smokers and smokers with COPD would have a prognostic value with respect...

    Authors: Olaf Holz, Benjamin Waschki, Stefan Roepcke, Henrik Watz, Gereon Lauer, Cornelia Faulenbach and Jens M Hohlfeld
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:30
  28. Small airways are regarded as the elective anatomic site of obstruction in most chronic airway diseases. Expiratory computed tomography (CT) is increasingly used to assess obstruction at this level but there i...

    Authors: Sébastien Bommart, Grégory Marin, Arnaud Bourdin, Nicolas Molinari, François Klein, Maurice Hayot, Isabelle Vachier, Pascal Chanez, Jacques Mercier and Hélène Vernhet-Kovacsik
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:29
  29. Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease begins in early life and is progressive with the major risk factor being an exaggerated inflammatory response. Currently, assessment of neutrophilic inflammation in early cyst...

    Authors: Emmanuelle Fantino, Catherine L Gangell, Dominik Hartl and Peter D Sly
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:28
  30. We investigated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to analyze patterns and identify determinants of healthcare use, according to the severity of airflow obstruction. We used retrospecti...

    Authors: Kyungsoo Chung, Kyungjoo Kim, Jiye Jung, Kyungwon Oh, Yeonmok Oh, Sekyu Kim, Jinhee Kim and Youngsam Kim
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:27
  31. Health-related and disease-specific quality of life (HRQoL) has been increasingly valued as relevant clinical parameter in cystic fibrosis (CF) clinical care and clinical trials. HRQoL measures should assess –...

    Authors: Helge Hebestreit, Kerstin Schmid, Stephanie Kieser, Sibylle Junge, Manfred Ballmann, Kristina Roth, Alexandra Hebestreit, Thomas Schenk, Christian Schindler, Hans-Georg Posselt and Susi Kriemler
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:26
  32. Many patients with pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infection that could be treated as outpatients according to their clinical severity score, are in fact admitted to hospital. We investigated whether, wi...

    Authors: Andrea M Collins, Odiri J Eneje, Carole A Hancock, Daniel G Wootton and Stephen B Gordon
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:25
  33. Little is known about iron deficiency (ID) and anemia in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The purposes of this study were: (i) To study the prevalence and treatment of anemia and ID in patients ho...

    Authors: Donald S Silverberg, Ram Mor, Melanie Tia Weu, Doron Schwartz, Idit F Schwartz and Gil Chernin
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:24
  34. Expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during tidal breathing is common in patients with severe COPD, and a major determinant of dynamic hyperinflation and exercise limitation. EFL can be measured by the forced osci...

    Authors: Masashi Mikamo, Toshihiro Shirai, Kazutaka Mori, Yuichiro Shishido, Takefumi Akita, Satoru Morita, Kazuhiro Asada, Masato Fujii and Takafumi Suda
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:23
  35. Airways of lung cancer patients are often colonized by fungi. Some of these colonizing fungi, under particular conditions, produce cancerogenic mycotoxins. Given the recent interest in the infective origin of ...

    Authors: Giovanna E Carpagnano, Donato Lacedonia, Grazia Pia Palladino, Giuseppe Logrieco, Elisabetta Crisetti, Antonia Susca, Antonio Logrieco and Maria P Foschino-Barbaro
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:22
  36. Gastro esophageal reflux (GER) is common in cystic fibrosis (CF) and may contribute to lung disease. Approximately 50% of patients with cystic fibrosis are being treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

    Authors: Emily DiMango, Patricia Walker, Claire Keating, Maria Berdella, Newell Robinson, Elinor Langfelder-Schwind, Diane Levy and Xinhua Liu
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:21
  37. The editors of BMC Pulmonary Medicine would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 13 (2013).

    Authors: Catia Cornacchia
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:13
  38. Endotoxins stimulate T helper 1 cell maturation and send a negative signal to T helper 2 polarisation. This causes a decrease IgE levels and prevents atopy (Hygiene hypothesis). It is shown that this response ...

    Authors: Füsun Şahin, Pınar Yıldız, Ayşegül Kuskucu, Mert Ahmet Kuskucu, Nilgün Karaca and Kenan Midilli
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:20
  39. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) leads to chronic respiratory failure. Diaphragmatic dysfunction, a major driver of dyspnea and mortality, is associated with a shift of the burden of ventilation to extradia...

    Authors: Marjolaine Georges, Capucine Morélot-Panzini, Thomas Similowski and Jesus Gonzalez-Bermejo
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:17
  40. A higher slow vital capacity (VC) compared with forced vital capacity (FVC) indicates small airway collapse and air trapping. We hypothesized that a larger difference between VC and FVC (VC-FVC) would predict ...

    Authors: Wei Yuan, Xin He, Qiu-Fen Xu, Hao-Yan Wang and Richard Casaburi
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:16
  41. Appropriate sedation benefits patients by reducing the stress response, but it requires an appropriate method of assessment to adjust the dosage of sedatives. The aim of this study was to compare the differenc...

    Authors: Chien-Wei Hsu, Shu-Fen Sun, Kuo-An Chu, David Lin Lee and Kam-Fai Wong
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:15
  42. Recent studies suggest that coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) might be independently related to a worse prognosis for lung cancer. However, because data on the substantial prevalence ...

    Authors: Naozumi Hashimoto, Asuka Matsuzaki, Yu Okada, Naoyuki Imai, Shingo Iwano, Kenji Wakai, Kazuyoshi Imaizumi, Kohei Yokoi and Yoshinori Hasegawa
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:14
  43. Low levels of physical activity are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a sedentary lifestyle is associated with poor outcomes including increased mortality, frequent hosp...

    Authors: Carlos H Martinez, Marilyn L Moy, Huong Q Nguyen, Miriam Cohen, Reema Kadri, Pia Roman, Robert G Holleman, Hyungjin Myra Kim, David E Goodrich, Nicholas D Giardino and Caroline R Richardson
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:12
  44. It is well known that maternal smoking during pregnancy is very harmful to the fetus. Prenatal nicotine absorption, in particular, is associated with alterations in lung development and functions at birth and ...

    Authors: Anna M Lavezzi, Melissa F Corna, Graziella Alfonsi and Luigi Matturri
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:11
  45. Alterations in surfactant phospholipid compositions are a recognized feature of many acute and chronic lung diseases. Investigation of underlying mechanisms requires assessment of surfactant phospholipid molec...

    Authors: Ahilanandan Dushianthan, Victoria Goss, Rebecca Cusack, Michael PW Grocott and Anthony D Postle
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:10
  46. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by an array of inflammatory cells and mediators, but above all, CD8+ T-lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils are impor...

    Authors: Neil C Barnes, Marina Saetta and Klaus F Rabe
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:9
  47. Pulmonary involvement is a common feature of MPA. Although alveolar hemorrhage is the most common pulmonary manifestation of MPA, a few recent studies have described instances of MPA patients with pulmonary fi...

    Authors: Hui Huang, Yan xun Wang, Chun guo Jiang, Jia Liu, Ji Li, Kai Xu and Zuo jun Xu
    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2014 14:8

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