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  1. Millions of Americans are living in food deserts in the United States, however the role of the local food environment on COPD has not been studied. The aim of this study is to determine the association between...

    Authors: Eric Moughames, Han Woo, Panagis Galiatsatos, Karina Romero-Rivero, Sarath Raju, Vickram Tejwani, Eric A. Hoffman, Alejandro P. Comellas, Victor E. Ortega, Trisha Parekh, Jerry A. Krishnan, Michael B. Drummond, David Couper, Russell G. Buhr, Robert Paine, Joel D. Kaufman…

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:139

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Mucorales is a highly lethal invasive fungal infection usually found in immunocompromised patients. Isolated pulmonary mucormycosis in immunocompetent patients is very rare. He...

    Authors: Jianhan He, Gaohong Sheng, Huihui Yue, Fengqin Zhang and Hui-Lan Zhang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:138

    Content type: Case report

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  3. Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a relatively rare complication after various types of pulmonary resection. The double-sided mushroom-shaped occluder (Amplatzer device, AD) has been gradually used for BPF block...

    Authors: Jisong Zhang, Huihui Hu, Li Xu, Shan Xu, Jihong Zhu, Fengjie Wu and Enguo Chen

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:137

    Content type: Technical advance

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  4. All over the world, SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is causing a significant short-term morbidity and mortality, but the medium-term impact on lung function and quality of life of affected patients are still unknown.

    Authors: Pietro Gianella, Elia Rigamonti, Marco Marando, Adriana Tamburello, Lorenzo Grazioli Gauthier, Gianluca Argentieri, Carla Puligheddu, Alberto Pagnamenta, Marco Pons and Tanja Fusi-Schmidhauser

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:136

    Content type: Research

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  5. The surgical lung biopsy (SLB) is the recommended sampling technique when the pathological analysis of the lung is required in the work-up of an interstitial lung disease (ILD) but trans-bronchial lung cryobio...

    Authors: Benjamin Bondue, Pascal Schlossmacher, Nathalie Allou, Virgile Gazaille, Olivier Taton, Pierre Alain Gevenois, Frederic Vandergheynst, Myriam Remmelink and Dimitri Leduc

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:135

    Content type: Research

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  6. Establishment of a mouse model is important for investigating the mechanism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we observed and compared the evolution of the pathology in two mouse ...

    Authors: Yue Yang, Tingting Di, Zixiao Zhang, Jiaxin Liu, Congli Fu, Yan Wu and Tao Bian

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:134

    Content type: Research

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  7. Among the challenges for personalizing the management of mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are the effects of different ...

    Authors: Mikuláš Mlček, Michal Otáhal, João Batista Borges, Glasiele Cristina Alcala, Dominik Hladík, Eduard Kuriščák, Leoš Tejkl, Marcelo Amato and Otomar Kittnar

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:133

    Content type: Research

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  8. Complex pleural space infections are commonly managed with antibiotics, pleural drainage, intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy, and surgery. These strategies often utilize radiographic imaging during management, ...

    Authors: Christopher R. Gilbert, Anee S. Jackson, Candice L. Wilshire, Leah C. Horslen, Shu-Ching Chang, Adam J. Bograd, Eric Vallieres and Jed A. Gorden

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:132

    Content type: Research Article

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  9. The extend of lung disease remains the most important prognostic factor for survival in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and lack of adherence is the main reason for treatment failure. Early detection of de...

    Authors: Stephanie Thee, Mirjam Stahl, Rainald Fischer, Sivagurunathan Sutharsan, Manfred Ballmann, Axel Müller, Daniel Lorenz, Dominika Urbanski-Rini, Franziska Püschner, Volker Eric Amelung, Carola Fuchs and Marcus Alexander Mall

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:131

    Content type: Study protocol

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  10. Although combination therapy is the gold standard for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), some of these patients are still being treated with monotherapy.

    Authors: Beate Stubbe, Hans-Jürgen Seyfarth, Janina Kleymann, Michael Halank, Hussam Al Ghorani, Anne Obst, Susanna Desole, Ralf Ewert and Christian F. Opitz

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:130

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by incomplete reversible airflow limitation and chronic inflammatory response lesions. This study mainly explored whether FGFR2 and MGAT5 polymorphism...

    Authors: Xiaobo Li, Guangyu Zhou, Xiaobo Tian, Fei Chen, Guoyao Li and Yipeng Ding

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:129

    Content type: Research

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  12. At present, there is no generally accepted comprehensive prognostic risk prediction model for medically treated chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients.

    Authors: Ruilin Quan, Yuanhua Yang, Zhenwen Yang, Hongyan Tian, Shengqing Li, Jieyan Shen, Yingqun Ji, Gangcheng Zhang, Caojin Zhang, Guangyi Wang, Yuhao Liu, Zhaozhong Cheng, Zaixin Yu, Zhiyuan Song, Zeqi Zheng, Wei Cui…

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:128

    Content type: Research article

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  13. Complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyema represent advanced stages of pleural infections and are characterized by a high mortality. Medical thoracoscopy is a safe and minimally invasive endoscopic techn...

    Authors: Michele Mondoni, Laura Saderi, Federica Trogu, Silvia Terraneo, Paolo Carlucci, Filippo Ghelma, Stefano Centanni and Giovanni Sotgiu

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:127

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is a rare condition characterized by dyspnoea (platypnea) and arterial desaturation in the upright position resolved in the supine position (orthodeoxia). Intracardiac shun...

    Authors: Charlotte Vanhomwegen, Olivier Taton, Nicolas Selvais, Olivier Vanhove and Dimitri Leduc

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:126

    Content type: Case report

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  15. The identification of NTRK fusions in tumours has become critically important due to the actionable events predictive of response to TRK inhibitor. It is not clear whether the NTRK breakpoint location is diffe...

    Authors: Lei Zhang, Huanhuan Liu, Ye Tian, Huina Wang and Xueying Yang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:125

    Content type: Case report

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  16. Lung transplant (LTX) can provide a survival benefit and improve physical function for selected patients with advanced pulmonary disease. Sarcopenia is a systemic muscle-failure that can be found in a variety ...

    Authors: Etsuhiro Nikkuni, Takashi Hirama, Kazuki Hayasaka, Sakiko Kumata, Shinichi Kotan, Yui Watanabe, Hisashi Oishi, Hiromichi Niikawa, Masahiro Kohzuki and Yoshinori Okada

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:124

    Content type: Research Article

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  17. The effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) in preventing pneumococcal pneumonia has been controversial.

    Authors: Toshihiro Masuda, Eiji Nakatani, Toshihiro Shirai, Taisuke Akamatsu, Kanami Tamura, Shingo Takahashi, Yuko Tanaka, Hirofumi Watanabe, Yoshinari Endo, Takahito Suzuki, Mika Saigusa, Akito Yamamoto, Satoru Morita, Yoko Sato and Kazuhiro Asada

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:123

    Content type: Research

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  18. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease with unclear pathogenesis. IPF is considered as a risk factor for lung cancer. Compared to other lung cancers, small-cell lung cancer ...

    Authors: Xiyue Zhang, Wei Li, Chunyan Li, Jie Zhang and Zhenzhong Su

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:122

    Content type: Case report

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  19. People with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) derive several physiological and psychological benefits from regular physical activity (PA), but the practice is lower than recommended. Knowledge about the facilitators of a...

    Authors: Valentine Filleul, Raphaëlle Ladune, Mathieu Gruet, Charlène Falzon, Amélie Fuchs, Laurent Mély, Meggy Hayotte, Jean-Marc Vallier, Philippe Giovannetti, Sophie Ramel, Anne Vuillemin, Karine Corrion and Fabienne d’Arripe-Longueville

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:121

    Content type: Research Article

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  20. During outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), healthcare providers are facing critical clinical decisions based on the prognosis of patients. Decision support tools of risk stratification are needed ...

    Authors: Jiaqi Huang, Yu Xu, Bin Wang, Ying Xiang, Na Wu, Wenjing Zhang, Tingting Xia, Zhiquan Yuan, Chengying Li, Xiaoyue Jia, Yifan Shan, Menglei Chen, Qi Li, Li Bai and Yafei Li

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:120

    Content type: Research Article

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  21. High serum bilirubin levels have been shown to be associated with an improved pulmonary function test results. Their potential ability to similarly benefit pulmonary function in an environment of polluted air ...

    Authors: Udi Shapira, Rafael Y. Brezinski, Ori Rogowski, David Zeltser, Shlomo Berliner, Itzhak Shapira, Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty and Elizabeth Fireman

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:119

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Sputum smear conversion is a key indicator of treatment response and reduced infectivity among bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. This study aimed at estimating sputum smear con...

    Authors: Mulusew Andualem Asemahagn

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:118

    Content type: Research Article

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  24. Extracorporeal life support treatments such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have been recommended for the treatment of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients with coronavirus ...

    Authors: Shiqian Huang, Shuai Zhao, Huilin Luo, Zhouyang Wu, Jing Wu, Haifa Xia and Xiangdong Chen

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:116

    Content type: Review

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  25. Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) as a treatment for superficial bladder cancer rarely causes pulmonary complications. While published cases have been pathologically characterized by ...

    Authors: Mariko Itai, Mari Yamasue, Shuichi Takikawa, Kosaku Komiya, Yukiko Takeno, Yuriko Igarashi, Yasushi Takeshita, Kazufumi Hiramatsu, Satoshi Mitarai and Jun-ichi Kadota

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:115

    Content type: Case report

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  26. A number of studies have examined the association between mold exposure and childhood asthma. However, the conclusions were inconsistent, which might be partly attributable to the lack of consideration of gene...

    Authors: Yu Zhang, Li Hua, Quan-Hua Liu, Shu-Yuan Chu, Yue-Xin Gan, Min Wu, Yi-Xiao Bao, Qian Chen and Jun Zhang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:114

    Content type: Research Article

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  27. Physical activity (PA) is a well-documented and accepted adjunct therapy for the maintenance and improvement of long-term health in cystic fibrosis (CF). Although the benefits of PA for CF populations are well...

    Authors: Nicola Hurley, Niall M. Moyna, Bróna Kehoe, Noel McCaffrey, Karen Redmond and Sarah J. Hardcastle

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:113

    Content type: Research Article

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  28. This study was performed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of atorvastatin in patients with chronic bronchitis, exposed to sulfur mustard gas.

    Authors: Behrooz Momeni, Saeed Nazer, Seyed Masoom Masoompour, Bita Geramizadeh and Seyed Vahid Sajadi

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:112

    Content type: Research article

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  29. SMAD4 has been found to be inactivated to varying degrees in many types of cancer; the purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between SMAD4 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) a...

    Authors: Xiangjun Guo, Mengmeng Li, Xin Wang, Yun Pan and Jiashu Li

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:111

    Content type: Research article

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  30. Hyperglycemic conditions are associated with respiratory dysfunction. Although several studies have reported that insulin resistance (IR) is related to decreased lung function, the association between IR and c...

    Authors: Sang Hyuk Kim, Hyun Sam Kim, Hyang Ki Min and Sung Woo Lee

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:110

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Although repeat pulmonary resection (RPR) for multiple lung cancer has been performed for non-small cell lung cancer and metastatic lung tumor, with the prognostic benefit detailed in several reports, the risk...

    Authors: Nozomu Motono, Shun Iwai, Yoshihito Iijima, Katsuo Usuda and Hidetaka Uramoto

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:109

    Content type: Research article

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  32. While sleep disruption is a common complaint among children with cystic fibrosis (CF), only a few studies have investigated insomnia in adults. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with ins...

    Authors: Pauline Mulette, Bruno Ravoninjatovo, Camille Guguen, Coralie Barbe, Julien Ancel, Sandra Dury, Antoine Dumazet, Dominique Perdu, Jeanne-Marie Perotin, Thomas Guillard, François Lebargy, Gaëtan Deslee and Claire Launois

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:108

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Indium is a metal used as a compound called indium-tin oxide for liquid crystal display. Its inhalation causes lung toxicity, resulting in a new occupational lung disease called indium lung. Although the carci...

    Authors: Yasuharu Sekine, Hideo Ichimura, Sho Ueda, Keisuke Kobayashi, Takeshi Nawa, Atsuko Amata, Tatsuya Chonan, Akiko Sakata, Yoji Komatsu and Yukio Sato

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:107

    Content type: Case report

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  34. Prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) induces diaphragm dysfunction in patients in the intensive care units (ICUs). Our study aimed to explore the therapeutic efficacy of early rehabilitation therapy in patien...

    Authors: Zehua Dong, Ying Liu, Yubiao Gai, Pingping Meng, Hui Lin, Yuxiao Zhao and Jinyan Xing

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:106

    Content type: Research article

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  35. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic and complex respiratory disorder associated with airflow limitation and increased inflammatory response of the lungs to harmful particles. The purpose ...

    Authors: Fatemeh Zeynab Kiani, Ali Ahmadi, Akbar Soleymani Babadi and Hamid Rouhi

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:105

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs) treat mechanical ventilator patients who are difficult to wean and expected to be on mechanical ventilator for a prolonged period. However, there are varying views on wh...

    Authors: Berna Demiralp, Lane Koenig, Jing Xu, Samuel Soltoff and John Votto

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:104

    Content type: Research Article

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  37. Lung auscultation is fundamental to the clinical diagnosis of respiratory disease. However, auscultation is a subjective practice and interpretations vary widely between users. The digitization of auscultation...

    Authors: Alban Glangetas, Mary-Anne Hartley, Aymeric Cantais, Delphine S. Courvoisier, David Rivollet, Deeksha M. Shama, Alexandre Perez, Hervé Spechbach, Véronique Trombert, Stéphane Bourquin, Martin Jaggi, Constance Barazzone-Argiroffo, Alain Gervaix and Johan N. Siebert

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:103

    Content type: Study protocol

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  38. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic affecting all countries in the world. Italy has been particularly afflicted by the health emergency, and since the peak phase has passed, major concern regardi...

    Authors: Emilia D’Elia, Mauro Gori, Aurelia Grosu, Annamaria Iorio, Ferdinando Luca Lorini, Anna Falanga, Fabiano Di Marco and Michele Senni

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:102

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  40. It is still unclear whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation of primary lung adenocarcinoma can be detected on sputum samples. This study aimed to examine EGFR mutations of primary lung adenoca...

    Authors: Tetsuya Isaka, Tomoyuki Yokose, Hiroyuki Ito, Haruhiko Nakayama, Yohei Miyagi, Haruhiro Saito and Munetaka Masuda

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:100

    Content type: Research Article

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  41. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a significantly under-diagnosed genetic condition caused by reduced levels and/or functionality of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), predisposing individuals to lung, liver or...

    Authors: Igor Barjaktarevic and Marc Miravitlles

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:99

    Content type: Review

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  42. Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) mediates the expression of various inflammation-related genes, including the NADPH oxidase family. T...

    Authors: Weijing Wu, Li Li, Xiaoshan Su, Zhixing Zhu, Xiaoping Lin, Jiamin Zhang, Zesen Zhuang, Hongyi Cai and Wenjie Huang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:98

    Content type: Research article

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  43. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a wide spectrum of lung manifestations ranging from mild asymptomatic disease to severe respiratory failure. We aimed to clarify the characteristics of radiologic...

    Authors: Matsuo So, Hiroki Kabata, Koichi Fukunaga, Hisato Takagi and Toshiki Kuno

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:97

    Content type: Research Article

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  44. Gender-related factors might affect vulnerability to Covid-19. The aim of this study was to describe the role of gender on clinical features and 28-day mortality in Covid-19 patients.

    Authors: Federico Raimondi, Luca Novelli, Arianna Ghirardi, Filippo Maria Russo, Dario Pellegrini, Roberta Biza, Roberta Trapasso, Lisa Giuliani, Marisa Anelli, Mariangela Amoroso, Chiara Allegri, Gianluca Imeri, Claudia Sanfilippo, Sofia Comandini, England Hila, Leonardo Manesso…

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:96

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Pleural effusion (PE) is a common clinical manifestation, and millions of people suffer from pleural disease. Herein, this retrospective study was performed to evaluate the biomarkers and ratios in serum and p...

    Authors: Liyan Lin, Shuguang Li, Qiao Xiong and Hui Wang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:95

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of natural killer cells (CLPD-NK) is an extremely rare haematological disease. To the best of our knowledge, pulmonary infiltration in CLPD-NK has not been reported before....

    Authors: Jinjing Zhang, Pingping Wang and Xiaojing Yan

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:94

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  47. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) highly impacts patients on several life dimensions and challenges healthcare practices in providing high-quality care. Consequently, it is crucial to establish integrated ca...

    Authors: Anouk Delameillieure, Fabienne Dobbels, Sarah Vandekerkhof and Wim A. Wuyts

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:93

    Content type: Research Article

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  48. Latest evidence suggests that periodontitis is prevalent among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), while recent studies have also reported a potential benefit of periodontal treatment o...

    Authors: Ioulianos Apessos, Athanasios Voulgaris, Michalis Agrafiotis, Dimitrios Andreadis and Paschalis Steiropoulos

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:92

    Content type: Research Article

    Published on:

  49. Silicosis is a progressive pneumoconiosis characterized by interstitial fibrosis following exposure to silica dust. The role of metabolic dysregulation in the pathogenesis of silicosis has not been investigate...

    Authors: Changjiang Xue, Na Wu, Yali Fan, Jing Ma and Qiao Ye

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2021 21:91

    Content type: Research Article

    Published on:

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