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Table 5 Predictors of hospitalization cost of ≥ $ 357

From: A prospective study on direct out-of-pocket expenses of hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a Philippine tertiary care center

 

Hospitalization cost of $ 357

Odds ratio

(95% CI)

P-value

Yes

(n = 33, 76.74%)

No

(n = 10, 23.26%)

Frequency (%); Mean ± SD; Median (IQR)

Age

 19 to 45 years old

 45 to 64 years old

 >65 years old

63.3 ± 13.34

3 (9.09)

15 (45.45)

15 (45.45)

68.4 ± 9.83

0

5 (50)

5 (50)

0.97 (0.91‒1.03)

-

1.0 (0.24‒4.18)

(reference)

0.267

-

1.000

-

Sex

    

 Male

 Female

28 (84.95)

5 (15.15)

10 (100)

0

(reference)

-

-

-

Type of Residence

    

 Urban

 Rural

18 (54.55)

15 (45.45)

5 (50)

5 (50)

(reference)

0.83 (0.20‒3.44)

-

0.801

Gold Classification

    

 Class A

0

0

-

-

 Class B

 Class C

 Class D

0

8 (30.77)

18 (69.23)

0

2 (25)

6 (75)

-

(reference)

0.75 (0.12‒4.56)

-

-

0.755

Comorbidities

    

 Hypertension

 Diabetes

 Heart disease

 Cancer

17 (51.52)

3 (9.09)

8 (24.24)

1 (3.03)

3 (30)

0

4 (40)

1 (10)

2.48 (0.54‒11.3)

-

0.48 (0.11‒2.14)

0.28 (0.02‒4.95)

0.240

-

0.336

0.386

Number of pack years

30 (20 to 50)

30 (25 to 45)

1.002 (0.98‒1.0)

0.842

Smoking history

    

 Current Smoker

 Previous smoker

 Non-smoker

28 (84.85)

2 (6.06)

3 (9.09)

9 (90)

1 (10)

0

(reference)

0.64 (0.05‒7.95)

-

-

0.731

-

Type of Accommodation

    

 Private

 Charity

14 (42.42)

19 (57.58)

1 (10)

9 (90)

6.63 (0.75‒58.6)

(reference)

0.089

-