Table 1 General characteristic of subjects with COPD, classified according to the presence of GERD
Variables | COPD with GERD | COPD without GERD | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | (%) | No. | (%) | |||
Total | 39,987 | (100.0) | 101,070 | (100.0) | ||
Sex | <0.001 | |||||
Male | 22,967 | (57.4) | 61,674 | (61.0) | ||
Female | 17,020 | (42.6) | 39,396 | (39.0) | ||
Age (years) | ||||||
Mean ± SD | 68.86 ± 10.18 | 69.71 ± 11.67 | <0.001 | |||
40–49 | 1,904 | (4.8) | 5,243 | (5.2) | <0.001 | |
50–59 | 5,349 | (13.4) | 13,052 | (12.9) | ||
60–69 | 11,954 | (29.9) | 26,801 | (26.5) | ||
70–79 | 15,239 | (38.1) | 37,329 | (36.9) | ||
80+ | 5,541 | (13.9) | 18,645 | (18.4) | ||
Type of insurance | <0.001 | |||||
Health insurance | 32,823 | (82.1) | 85,755 | (84.8) | ||
Medical aid | 7,164 | (17.9) | 15,315 | (15.2) | ||
Hospitalization | <0.001 | |||||
Never | 24,179 | (60.5) | 70,547 | (69.8) | ||
Ever | 15,808 | (39.5) | 30,523 | (30.2) | ||
ICU hospitalization | 0.377 | |||||
Never | 39,817 | (99.6) | 100,605 | (99.5) | ||
Ever | 170 | (0.4) | 465 | (0.5) | ||
No. of ER visits | ||||||
Mean ± SD | 1.65 ± 1.24 | 1.50 ± 1.02 | <0.001 | |||
0 | 31,260 | (78.2) | 84,116 | (83.2) | <0.001 | |
1–2 | 7,446 | (18.6) | 15,121 | (15.0) | ||
3–4 | 984 | (2.5) | 1,506 | (1.5) | ||
5+ | 297 | (0.7) | 327 | (0.3) | ||
Chest X-ray | <0.001 | |||||
Never | 22,671 | (56.7) | 65,494 | (64.8) | ||
Ever | 17,316 | (43.3) | 35,576 | (35.2) | ||
Spirometry | <0.001 | |||||
Never | 23,353 | (58.4) | 65,891 | (65.2) | ||
Ever | 16,634 | (41.6) | 35,179 | (34.8) | ||
Chest CT | 0.055 | |||||
Never | 39,583 | (99.0) | 100,159 | (99.1) | ||
Ever | 404 | (1.0) | 911 | (0.9) | ||
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy | <0.001 | |||||
Never | 27,923 | (69.8) | 94,638 | (93.6) | ||
Ever | 12,064 | (30.2) | 6,432 | (6.4) | ||
24-h esophageal pH monitoring | <0.001 | |||||
Never | 39,974 | (100.0) | 101,067 | (100.0) | ||
Ever | 13 | (0.0) | 3 | (0.0) | ||
Esophagography | <0.001 | |||||
Never | 39,352 | (98.4) | 100,566 | (99.5) | ||
Ever | 635 | (1.6) | 504 | (0.5) | ||
COPD severity | <0.001 | |||||
No | 32,629 | (81.6) | 84,427 | (83.5) | ||
Yes | 7,358 | (18.4) | 16,643 | (16.5) | ||
Comorbidity | ||||||
Ischemic heart disease | 8,262 | (20.7) | 15,696 | (15.5) | <0.001 | |
Osteoporosis | 8,723 | (21.8) | 15,281 | (15.1) | <0.001 | |
Depressive disorder | 4,838 | (12.1) | 6,442 | (6.4) | <0.001 | |
Arthritis | 10,299 | (25.8) | 18,035 | (17.8) | <0.001 | |
Diabetes mellitus | 10,426 | (26.1) | 22,478 | (22.2) | <0.001 | |
Congestive heart failure | 3,819 | (9.6) | 8,661 | (8.6) | <0.001 | |
Hypertension | 20,734 | (51.9) | 48,802 | (48.3) | <0.001 | |
Anemia | 2,354 | (5.9) | 3,973 | (3.9) | <0.001 | |
Metabolic syndrome | 9,296 | (23.2) | 16,428 | (16.3) | <0.001 | |
Barrett’s esophagus | 23 | (0.1) | 4 | (0.0) | <0.001 | |
Gastric ulcer | 14,308 | (35.8) | 17,940 | (17.8) | <0.001 | |
Duodenal ulcer | 2,489 | (6.2) | 2,404 | (2.4) | <0.001 | |
Peptic ulcer | 8,856 | (22.1) | 13,657 | (13.5) | <0.001 | |
Gastroduodenitis | 36,196 | (90.5) | 77,151 | (76.3) | <0.001 | |