| TM group n = 230 | Control group n = 104 | P |
---|---|---|---|
Age, y [mean (SD)] | 75.96 (6.54) | 76.48 (6.16) | 0.95 |
Male/Female [No of participants (%)] | 164/66 | 76/28 | 0.88 |
BMI, kg/m2 [mean (SD)] | 26.55 (4.96) | 26.24 (4.91) | 0.59 |
Smoking habit (No of participants) | Â | Â | 0.55 |
 • Current Smoker | 10 (4.35%) | 3 (2.88%) |  |
 • Former Smoker | 153 (66.52%) | 64 (61.54%) |  |
 • Non-Smoker | 65 (28.26%) | 36 (34.62%) |  |
 • Packs/year [mean (SD)] | 42.35 (63.03) | 50.54 (90.50) | 0.60 |
Education level [No of participants (%)] | Â | Â | 0.89 |
 • No formal schooling/Less than primary school | 20 (9.66%) | 10 (10.20%) |  |
 • Primary school | 109 (52.66%) | 53 (54.08%) |  |
 • Secondary school | 39 (18.84%) | 16 (16.33%) |  |
 • High school | 28 (13.53%) | 12 (12.24%) |  |
 • College/University | 10 (4.83%) | 7 (7.14%) |  |
 • Post graduate degree | 1 (0.48%) | 0 (0.00%) |  |
Marital status [No of participants (%)] | Â | Â | 0.83 |
 • Never married | 6 (2.90%) | 3 (3.06%) |  |
 • Currently married | 139 (67.15%) | 68 (69.39%) |  |
 • Separated | 1 (0.48%) | 1 (1.02%) |  |
 • Divorces | 2 (0.97%) | 1 (1.02%) |  |
 • Widowed | 55 (26.57%) | 25 (25.51%) |  |
 • Cohabitating | 4 (1.93%) | 0 (0.00%) |  |
Employment status [No of participants (%)] | Â | Â | 0.19 |
 • Government employee | 6 (2.90%) | 4 (4.08%) |  |
 • Non-government employee | 10 (4.83%) | 7 (7.14%) |  |
 • Self-employed | 9 (4.35%) | 7 (7.14%) |  |
 • Non-paid | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) |  |
 • Student | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) |  |
 • Homemaker | 12 (5.80%) | 10 (10.20%) |  |
 • Retired | 170 (82.13%) | 70 (71.43%) |  |
 • Unemployed | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) |  |