From: Recurrent pneumonia among Japanese adults: disease burden and risk factors
Characteristic | Subgroup | n (%) | Crude HR | 95% CI | P > z | Adjusted HRd | 95% CI | P > z | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | 467 (55.5) | 1.27 | 0.9 | 1.79 | 0.167 | 1.08 | 0.73 | 1.59 | 0.696 | |
Age group (years old) | 15–49 | 137 (16.3) | Ref. | |||||||
50–74 | 308 (36.6) | 3.71 | 1.58 | 8.69 | 0.003 | 2.04 | 0.84 | 4.99 | 0.116 | |
≥75 | 396 (47.1) | 6.29 | 2.75 | 14.4 | <0.001 | 2.6 | 1.06 | 6.43 | 0.038 | |
HCAP | 164 (19.5) | 2.05 | 1.41 | 2.98 | <0.001 | 1.45 | 0.92 | 2.31 | 0.112 | |
Past Pneumonia Historya | 218 (25.9) | 2.86 | 2.04 | 4 | <0.001 | 1.95 | 1.35 | 2.8 | <0.001 | |
Albumin (g/dl) | <3.5 | 330 (39.2) | 1.74 | 1.23 | 2.45 | 0.002 | ||||
Unknown | 83 (9.9) | 0.39 | 0.16 | 0.97 | 0.042 | |||||
Body Mass Index | <18 | 120 (14.3) | 1.82 | 1.19 | 2.79 | 0.006 | 1.41 | 0.89 | 2.23 | 0.14 |
Unknown | 221 (26.3) | 0.77 | 0.5 | 1.19 | 0.24 | 0.9 | 0.57 | 1.41 | 0.64 | |
Performance Status | ≧2 | 139 (16.5) | 1.97 | 1.29 | 3.01 | 0.002 | 1.08 | 0.62 | 1.9 | 0.787 |
Unknown | 299 (35.6) | 0.9 | 0.61 | 1.33 | 0.594 | 0.66 | 0.42 | 1.03 | 0.067 | |
CURB | 0 | 292 (34.7) | Ref. | |||||||
1 | 301 (35.8) | 0.99 | 0.67 | 1.46 | 0.942 | |||||
≧2 | 208 (24.7) | 1.07 | 0.7 | 1.65 | 0.752 | |||||
Unknown | 40 (4.8) | 0.26 | 0.06 | 1.08 | 0.063 | |||||
Comorbidities | Diabetes Mellitus | 153 (18.2) | 1.42 | 0.95 | 2.12 | 0.085 | 1.39 | 0.89 | 2.18 | 0.149 |
Heart Failure | 88 (10.5) | 0.79 | 0.43 | 1.47 | 0.46 | |||||
Ischemic Heart Diseases | 42 (5.0) | 2.05 | 1.13 | 3.71 | 0.017 | 1.18 | 0.61 | 2.29 | 0.616 | |
Collagen Diseases | 66 (7.9) | 2.16 | 1.33 | 3.5 | 0.002 | 1.57 | 0.69 | 3.56 | 0.282 | |
Dementia | 62 (7.4) | 1.59 | 0.91 | 2.76 | 0.1 | 1.29 | 0.68 | 2.43 | 0.431 | |
Malignancy without Lung Cancerb | 130 (15.5) | 1.02 | 0.64 | 1.64 | 0.929 | |||||
Lung Cancer | 21 (2.5) | 2.36 | 1.04 | 5.35 | 0.04 | 2.63 | 1.09 | 6.34 | 0.031 | |
Bronchial Asthma | 82 (9.8) | 1 | 0.57 | 1.74 | 0.998 | |||||
Tuberculosis | 30 (3.6) | 0.57 | 0.18 | 1.8 | 0.343 | |||||
Chronic Pulmonary Diseases | 173 (20.6) | 2.83 | 2.01 | 3.98 | <0.001 | 1.86 | 1.24 | 2.78 | 0.003 | |
Others | 480 (57.1) | 1.23 | 0.87 | 1.73 | 0.246 | |||||
Aspiration Risk Factor | 236 (28.1) | 1.66 | 1.17 | 2.36 | 0.004 | 1.01 | 0.65 | 1.58 | 0.958 | |
Medication | Oral Corticosteroids | 76 (9.0) | 2.14 | 1.33 | 3.44 | 0.002 | 1.48 | 0.74 | 2.96 | 0.263 |
Inhaled Corticosteroids | 86 (10.2) | 2.57 | 1.71 | 3.88 | <0.001 | 1.78 | 1.12 | 2.84 | 0.015 | |
Immunosuppressants | 27 (3.2) | 2 | 0.98 | 4.1 | 0.056 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 3.36 | 0.591 | |
ACE-Ic | 37 (4.4) | 0.31 | 0.08 | 1.25 | 0.1 | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.91 | 0.037 | |
Statins | 114 (13.6) | 0.97 | 0.59 | 1.6 | 0.919 | 0.95 | 0.57 | 1.6 | 0.854 | |
Biological Products | 11 (1.3) | 2.44 | 0.9 | 6.61 | 0.078 | 1.99 | 0.62 | 6.37 | 0.247 | |
Anticancer Drugs | 29 (3.5) | 0.39 | 0.1 | 1.58 | 0.186 | 0.41 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 0.221 | |
Acid-Suppressing Drugs | 235 (27.9) | 1.41 | 0.99 | 2.02 | 0.059 | 0.97 | 0.64 | 1.48 | 0.893 | |
Antipsychotic Drugs | 44 (5.2) | 1.85 | 1.02 | 3.35 | 0.041 | 1.74 | 0.91 | 3.35 | 0.096 | |
Hypnotics and Sedatives | 70 (8.3) | 2.81 | 1.81 | 4.37 | <0.001 | 2.06 | 1.28 | 3.31 | 0.003 | |
Others | 498 (59.2) | 1.49 | 1.04 | 2.12 | 0.029 | 1.23 | 0.82 | 1.85 | 0.311 |