Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Study | Country | Design | Diagnosis | No. of patients included | Etiology | Infective etiology (%) | Mean age (years) | Men (%) | Timing of LUS | Methods for LUS analysis | Follow-up duration | No. of patients died | Outcomes reported | Variables matched or adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ding 2014 | China | RC | Adults with ARDS on MV | 29 | Severe pneumonia, sepsis-related, or CTD with pulmonary infection | 100 | 64.4 | 58.6 | At ICU admission | 16 regions, score: 0 ~ 48 | 28 days | 9 | Difference of LUS score | None |
Zhao 2015 | China | RC | Adults with ARDS on MV | 21 | Severe pneumonia, aspiration, sepsis, after CPR, or traumatic | 76.2 | 78 | 67 | Within 24 h after ICU admission | 12 regions, score: 0 ~ 36 | During ICU | 13 | Difference of LUS score | Age |
Li 2015 | China | PC | Adults with ARDS | 62 | NR | NR | 67 | 43.6 | At ICU admission | 12 regions, score: 0 ~ 36 | During ICU | 27 | Difference of LUS score | Age, sex, etiology, and disease severity |
Wang 2016 | China | PC | Adults with ARDS on MV | 45 | Severe pneumonia or septic shock | 100 | 65 | 71.1 | At ICU admission | 16 regions, score: 0 ~ 48 | 28 days | 12 | Difference of LUS score | Age |
Xie 2019 | China | PC | Adults with ARDS on MV | 83 | NR | NR | 60.3 | 63.9 | At ICU admission | 12 regions, score: 0 ~ 36 | 28 days | 32 | Difference of LUS score | Age, sex, BMI, and comorbidities |
Lv 2019 | China | RC | Adults with ARDS | 112 | NR | NR | 60.3 | 63.9 | At ICU admission | 16 regions, score: 0 ~ 48 | 30 days | 39 | RR for death between high versus low LUS score (cutoff: median) | None |
Zhang 2020 | China | RC | Adults with ARDS | 46 | Severe pneumonia or septic shock | 100 | 73.3 | 56.5 | At ICU admission | 12 regions, score: 0 ~ 36 | During ICU | 14 | Difference of LUS score | Age, sex, LVEF, and HR |
Yu 2020 | China | PC | Adults with ARDS | 116 | Severe pneumonia, sepsis-related, or trauma-related | 77.6 | 55.4 | 63.8 | At admission | 12 regions, score: 0 ~ 36 | 28 days | 39 | Difference of LUS score, and RR for death between high versus low LUS score (cutoff: median) | Age, sex, BMI, etiology, and comorbidities |
Xie 2021 | China | PC | Adults with ARDS on MV | 121 | NR | NR | 62.8 | 60.3 | At admission | 12 regions, score: 0 ~ 36 | 28 days | 46 | Difference of LUS score | Age, sex, BMI, and comorbidities |
Chaudhuri 2021 | India | PC | Adults with ARDS | 100 | Severe pneumonia, sepsis-related, or other critical illness related | NR | 51.2 | 63 | At admission | 12 regions, score: 0 ~ 36 | During ICU | 21 | RR for death between high versus low LUS score (cutoff: median) | Age, sex, APACHE II score, SOFA score, PaO2/FiO2, and albumin |
Lazzeri 2021 | Italy | PC | Adults with COVID-related ARDS | 47 | COVID-19 | 100 | 63 | 82.9 | At ICU admission | 12 regions, score: 0 ~ 36 | During ICU | 13 | Difference of LUS score, and RR for death between high versus low LUS score (cutoff: median) | Age, sex, and SPAP |
Guo 2022 | China | RC | Adults with ARDS | 98 | NR | NR | 54.8 | 54.1 | At ICU admission | 12 regions, score: 0 ~ 36 | During ICU | 22 | Difference of LUS score, and RR for death between high versus low LUS score (cutoff: ROC-carve analysis derived) | Age, sex, APACHE II score, and PaO2/FiO2 |
Zheng 2023 | China | PC | Adults with ARDS | 142 | NR | NR | 62.7 | 57 | At ICU admission | 12 regions, score: 0 ~ 36 | 28 days | 56 | Difference of LUS score, and RR for death between high versus low LUS score (cutoff: ROC-curve analysis derived) | Age, sex, and etiology |