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Table 2 Comparison of measured respiratory function data, 6MWD and 1MSTS, as well as SpO2 changes during 1MSTS related to gender, with and without previous pulmonary disease, and those patients who required mechanical ventilation for > or < than 20 days, at 4 months post-hospital discharge. Mean (SD) of % predicted, median [min-max]

From: Variations in respiratory and functional symptoms at four months after hospitalisation due to COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

Variable

All

n = 52

Sex

Previous pulmonary disease

Mechanical ventilation

Men n = 32

Women n = 20

p-value

Yes n = 15

No n = 37

p-value

< 20 days n = 41

≥20 days n = 11

p-value

FVC

% pred

77.2 (16.6)***

79.0 [32–114]

75.2 (15.4)***

76.2 [34–106]

80.5 (18.4)***

81.0 [32–114]

0.153

78.8 (14.7)

77.0 [46–100]

77.8 (17.5)

79.5 [32–114]

0.512

78.0 (16.0)

79.4 [32–114]

74.3 (19.2)

78.5 [34–106]

0.499

<LLN, n (%)

21 (40.5%)

14 (43.8%)

7 (35.0%)

0.575

8 (53.3%)

13 (35.1%)

0.350

16 (39.0%)

5 (45.5%)

0.739

FEV1

% pred

79.5 (20.7)***

79.3 [23–121]

78.3 (18.7)***

78.7 [33–115]

81.4 (23.9)**

85.6 [23–121]

0.301

73.8 (22.6)

78.5 [32–103]

81.8 (19.7)

81–5 [23–121]

0.499

79.4 (19.8)

79.0 [23–121]

79.8 (24.8 [88.7 [33–115]

0.327

<LLN, n (%)

15 (28.8%)

11 (34.4%)

4 (20.0%)

0.352

6 (40%)

9 (24%)

0.318

11 (26.8%)

4 (36.3%)

0.709

FIVC

% pred

102.6 (23.4)

106.3 [27–146]

99.4.1 (22.0)

102.1 [49–146]

107.7 (25.4)**

113.4 [27–146]

0.080

104.4 (20.0)

102.6 [77–143]

101.9 (24.8)

106.9 [27–146]

0.589

102.9 (23–1)

107.54 [27–143]

101.6 (25.5)

102.3 [49–146]

0.966

<LLN, n (%)

6 (11.5%)

5 (16.1%)

1 (5.3)

0.387

1 (6.7%)

5 (13.5%)

0.663

5 (12.8%)

1 (9.1%)

0.737

MIP

% pred

90.3 (29.3)**

91.2 [16–192]

97.1 (25.3)

96.9 [43–192]

79.3 (32.4)*

87.5 [16–149]

0.060

87.5 (31.1)

89.2 [23–149]

91.4 (28.9)

91.9 [16–192]

0.607

86.7 (30.7)

89.3 [16–192]

103.7 (18.7)

102.8 [79–149]

0.607

<LLN, n (%)

14 (26.9)

6 (18.8)

8 (40.0)

0.116

6 (40%)

8 (21.6%)

0.190

14 (34.1)

0

0.025

MEP

% pred

99.5 (29.6)

99.7 [9–163]

94.8 (20.0)

94.1 (56–143)

107.4 (40.2)

113 (9–163)

0.112

98.2 (32.4)

94.5 (57–161]

100.1 (28.9)

102.1 [9–163]

0.517

97.6 (31.3)

96.0 [9–163]

106.4 (22.6)

102.1 [81–161]

0.517

<LLN, n (%)

4 (7.8)

0

4 (20.0)

0.017

2 (13.3%)

2 (5.4%)

0.310

4 (10.3%)

0

0.563

6MWD§

% pred

82.4 (23.6)

85.1 [11–177]

82.4 (15.5)

81.8 [57–126]

82.3 (34.0)

85.7 [11–177]

0.868

70.0 (24.8)

73.5 [11–107]

87.9 (21.2)

87.2 [57–177]

0.028

83.8 (25.2)

87.2 [11–177]

77.1 (16.0)

70.65 [63–107]

0.028

<LLN,n (%)

13 (26.5)

9 (29.0)

4 (22.2)

0.743

7 (46.7%)

6 (17.6%)

0.081

9 (23.1%)

4 (40%)

0.422

1MSTS

% pred

68.2 (24.7)

66.7 [13–151]

71.3 (24.7)

66.7 [29–151]

63.3 (24.7)

67.6 [13–104]

0.288

62.8 (31.3)

56.8 [29–151]

70.3 (21.9)

67.6 [13–112]

0.125

70.6 (26.8)

70.6 [13–151]

59.6 (12.1)

61.4 [41–77]

0.125

<LLN, n (%)

35 (72.9)

22 (73.3)

13 (72.2)

0.933

12 (92.3%)

23 (66.7%)

0.081

24 (64.8%)

11 (100%)

0.023

SaO2a

Difference during 1 min STS-test, %

−2.2 (2.7)

−2 [−13–2]

−2,5 (2.98)

−2 [−13–2]

−1.8 (2.1)

−1 [−5–1]

0.476

−2.5 (2.7)

− 2 [−8–1}

−1.8 (2.0)

− 1.5 [−5–2]

0.409

−1.95 (2.2)

− 1.0 [−8–2)

− 2.1 (2.2)

− 2.0 [− 5–0]

0.409

SaO2 < 92%, n (%)

9 (18)

7 (22.5)

2 (10.5)

0.452

5 (33.3%)

3 (16.7%)

0.039

6 (14.6%)

2 (20%)

0.647

Thoracic expansion

% pred

63.3 (26.8)***

58.3 [10–150]

62.3 (24.9)***

51.7 [33–150]

64.7 (30.2)**

60 [10–120]

0.706

58.9 (23.6)

53.3 [10–100]

65.0 (28.1)

60 [16–150]

0.612

64.9 (27.5)

60.0 [10–150]

57.1 (24.2)

50.0 [16.-100]

0.612

< 70% of predicted

32 (67.3)

21 (65.6)

11 (55.0)

0.561

9 (60%)

23 (62.1%)

0.885

25 (61.0%)

7 (63.6%)

0.872

  1. an = 49, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.001, and * p < 0.05 compared to normal values
  2. FVC Forced Vital Capacity: FEV1 Forced Expiratory Volume during the first second: FIVC Forced Inspiratory Vital Capacity: MIP Maximal Inspiratory Pressure: MEP Maximal Expiratory Pressure: 6MWD 6 Minute Walk Distance: 1MSTS 1 min sit to stand test