Table 1 The Characteristics Of The Included Studies
Study | Country | Surgical Procedures | Pre/post/peri | Sex, M/F, C/T | Age(years), C/T | Patients, C/T | Intervention | Control | Frequency | Length of Intervention | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paula Agostini et al., 2013 [11] | UK | Thoracotomy | post | 41/47 45/47 | 70 ± 9 65 ± 14 | 180 (88/92) | IS | Thoracic expansion exercises | Postoperative day1: Twice daily (10 repetitions) Postoperative Day2 continue until discharge: 10 times hourly while awake | Postoperative day1 to discharge | (1), (2) and (3) |
Y. J. Cho et al., 2014 [25] | South Korea | VATS | post | 21/18 22/17 | 56.5 ± 9.8 56.4 ± 10.5 | 78 (39/39) | IS+acapella | IS | 10 deep breaths with the IS device at least every 2 h while awake | Postoperative day1 | (2) and (3) |
Peter R. A. et al., 2018 [14] | Canada | Thoracotomy+VATS | post | 102/90 91/104 | 67.5 ± 10.4 66.6 ± 12.1 | 387 (192/195) | IS + physiotherapy | - routine physiotherapy | 10 deep breaths with the IS device every waking hour | 30 days after surgery | (1) and (3) |
ZHENG Lina et al., 2019 [19] | China | NR | peri | 38/13 36/10 | 64.84 ± 8.61 62.91 ± 9.33 | 97 (51/46) | IS + physiotherapy | routine physiotherapy | 4 times a day, 20 minutes each time | 7 days before surgery and 7 days after surgery | (1), (2), (4) and (5) |
LIU Xiang et al., 2022 [21] | China | NR | Pre | 24 /25 26 /23 | 58.72 ± 10.34 57.16 ± 9.68 | 98 (49/49) | IS | routine breathing training | 4 times a day, 10–15 minutes each time | 7 days before surgery | (1), (2), (4) and (5) |
WANG Jicui et al., 2022 [20] | China | VATS | peri | 13/17 15/15 | 51.29 ± 9.56 55.42 ± 7.45 | 60 (30/30) | IS+vibration expectoration vest | deep breathing training + cough and expectoration training | 4 times a day | 7 days before surgery and 7 days after surgery | (1), (2) |
ZHANG Jie et al., 2021 [26] | China | VATS | peri | 32/26 30/28 | 54.31 ± 8.07 56.23 ± 6.78 | 116 (58/58) | IS+vibration expectoration vest | deep breathing training + cough and expectoration training | 4 times a day | 3 days before surgery and 7 days after surgery | (1), (2) |
ZHANG Xinna et al., 2021 [22] | China | VATS | post | 27/16 29/15 | 66.35 ± 6.30 66.27 ± 5.63 | 87 (43/44) | IS+OPEPD | ACBT | 4 times a day, 10–15 minutes each time | 5 days after surgery | (1), (4), (5) and (6) |
ZHU Li et al., 2022 [18] | China | VATS | post | 33/20 34/19 | 59.74 ± 5.62 59.25 ± 8.93 | 106 (53/53) | IS+vibration expectoration vest | IS | 4 times a day, 15–20 minutes each time | 14 days after surgery | (1), (2) and (6) |