Table 1 Patient characteristics used as predictors in adjustments and matching procedures

Number

162

96

258

GOLD group C (mMRC)

50 (30.9%)

39 (40.6%)

89 (34.5%)

GOLD group D (mMRC)

112 (69.1%)

57 (59.4%)^***

169 (65.5%)

Age (y)

64.6 (± 7.55)

63.7 (± 7.86)

64.2 (± 7.66)

Male

91 (56.2%)

54 (56.3%)

145 (56.2%)

Female

71 (43.8%)

42 (43.8%)

113 (43.8%)

Height (cm)

169 (± 8.66)

171 (± 9.19)

170 (± 8.87)

BMI (kg/m²)

25.9 (± 4.84)

26.9 (± 5.58)

26.3 (± 5.14)

Basic education

99 (61.1%)

45 (46.9%)

144 (55.8%)

Secondary education

45 (27.8%)

36 (37.5%)

81 (31.4%)

Higher education

18 (11.1%)

15 (15.6%)

33 (12.8%)

Smoking status (active)

26 (16.0%)

23 (24.0%)

49 (19.0%)

Time since COPD diagnosis (y)

9.79 (± 7.56)

9.01 (± 7.87)

9.50 (± 7.67)

Asthma (yes)

40 (24.7%)

22 (22.9%)

62 (24.0%)

FEV₁ (%predicted)

41.8 (± 14.2)

49.4 (± 17.3)^***

44.7 (± 15.8)

FEV₁/FVC (%)

60.4 (± 12.0)

64.3 (± 14.5)^*

61.8 (± 13.1)

RV/TLC (%)

153 (± 25.2)

140 (± 25.9)^***

148 (± 26.1)

TLCO (%predicted)

45.3 (± 19.3)

54.5 (± 20.9)^***

48.7 (± 20.4)