Table 1 Sociodemographic and disease characteristics of patients with AE-COPD
Variables | All (n = 636) | Non-PE (n = 448) | PE (n = 188) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
Males | 445 (70.0) | 308 (68.8) | 137 (72.9) | 0.301 |
Age, years | 67.0 ± 10.7 | 66.7 ± 10.5 | 67.7 ± 11.2 | 0.283 |
Han nationality | 434 (68.2) | 326 (72.8) | 108 (57.4) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.5 ± 4.9 | 23.7 ± 4.9 | 23.0 ± 4.9 | 0.140 |
Smoked | 226 (35.5) | 157 (35.0) | 69 (36.7) | 0.690 |
Disease characteristics | Â | Â | Â | |
Bed time > 3 days | 75 (11.8) | 51 (11.4) | 24 (12.8) | 0.622 |
Padua score ≥ 4 | 224 (35.2) | 124 (27.7) | 100 (53.2) | < 0.001 |
Geneva score ≥ 3 | 122 (19.2) | 82 (18.3) | 40 (21.3) | 0.385 |
Disease history | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hypertension | 285 (44.8) | 219 (48.9) | 66 (35.1) | 0.001 |
Diabetes | 50 (7.9) | 41 (9.2) | 9 (4.8) | 0.062 |
Autoimmune disease | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.359 |
Stroke within 3 months | 23 (3.6) | 11 (2.5) | 12 (6.4) | 0.016 |
Ventilation within 3 months | 60 (9.4) | 48 (10.7) | 12 (6.4) | 0.088 |
VTE | 22 (3.5) | 14 (3.1) | 8 (4.3) | 0.477 |
Preventive treatment | Â | Â | Â | Â |
LMWH therapy | 242 (38.1) | 140 (31.3) | 102 (54.3) | < 0.001 |
New anticoagulant | 40 (6.3) | 18 (4.02) | 22 (11.7) | < 0.001 |
VTE prophylaxis | 289 (45.4) | 174 (38.8) | 115 (61.2) | < 0.001 |
Symptoms | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Dyspnea | 236 (37.1) | 173 (38.6) | 63 (33.5) | 0.224 |
Chest pain | 100 (15.7) | 56 (12.5) | 44 (23.4) | 0.001 |
Hemoptysis | 17 (2.7) | 12 (2.7) | 5 (2.7) | 0.989 |
Palpitation | 27 (4.2) | 17 (3.8) | 10 (5.3) | 0.384 |
Syncope | 7 (1.1) | 4 (0.9) | 3 (1.6) | 0.438 |
Lower limb edema | 353 (55.5) | 239 (53.3) | 114 (60.6) | 0.091 |
Lower limb pain | 11 (1.7) | 5 (1.1) | 6 (3.2) | 0.067 |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Infection | 535 (84.1) | 382 (85.3) | 153 (81.4) | 0.221 |
Cardiac insufficiency or respiratory failure | 422 (66.4) | 350 (78.1) | 72 (38.3) | < 0.001 |
DVT | 39 (6.1) | 5 (1.1) | 34 (18.1) | < 0.001 |
Proximal DVT | 19 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 19 (10.1) | < 0.001 |
Distal DVT | 15 (2.4) | 4 (0.9) | 11 (5.9) | < 0.001 |
Intermuscular DVT | 9 (1.4) | 1 (0.2) | 8 (4.3) | < 0.001 |
Cardiac injury | 23 (3.6) | 12 (2.7) | 11 (5.9) | 0.051 |
Acute renal insufficiency | 5 (0.8) | 4 (0.9) | 1 (0.5) | 0.638 |
Hepatic insufficiency | 20 (3.1) | 13 (2.9) | 7 (3.7) | 0.588 |
Tricuspid regurgitation | 496 (78.0) | 354 (79.0) | 142 (75.5) | 0.333 |
Pericardial effusion | 152 (23.9) | 103 (23.0) | 49 (26.1) | 0.407 |
Pulmonary hypertension | 489 (76.9) | 349 (77.9) | 140 (74.5) | 0.349 |