Fig. 2

Candidate mRNAs associated with smoking COPD were filtered from the chip GSE38974-GPL4133 and online databases. Note: (A) Volcano plot of mRNAs in chip GSE38974-GPL4133 (9 healthy smokers and 23 smoking COPD patients samples), where blue represents significantly downregulated mRNAs and red represents significantly upregulated mRNAs; (B) Heatmap of differentially expressed mRNAs in chip GSE38974-GPL4133 (9 healthy smokers and 23 smoking COPD patients samples); (C) Cluster dendrogram of feature genes based on WGCNA analysis results in chip GSE38974-GPL4133; (D) Heatmap of module-trait relationships in WGCNA analysis results in chip GSE38974-GPL4133; (E) Venn diagram showing the intersection of downstream target genes for 4 candidate miRNAs, COPD-related genes retrieved from the GeneCards database, mRNAs included in the MEblack module, and differential gene analysis results from GSE38974-GPL4133