Table 1 Patient characteristics (n = 287)

Age (years)

44 ± 13

Female, n (%)

207 (72%)

BMI (kg/m²)

29 ± 7.2

Depression score (assessed using the HADS tool)

4.5 ± 5

Anxiety score (assessed using the HADS tool)

4.8 ± 5

Adherence to Inhaler score (assessed using the TAI tool)

44 ± 5.3

Asthma control score (assessed using the ACT tool)

18 ± 5

Spirometry parameters

FEV₁ (% predicted)

FVC (% predicted)

PEF (% predicted)

FEF _25−75% (% predicted)

FEV₁/FVC ratio (% predicted)

68 ± 20

80 ± 16

77 ± 23

66 ± 29

76 ± 16