Table 3 Demographic, imaging, resting pulmonary function and cardiopulmonary exercise test measurements in patients with normal or delayed HRR

Sex, female, n (%)

7 (20.6)

3 (20.0)

0.642

Age, years

60 ± 9

67 ± 9

-7.3 (-12.7– -1.8)

0.014

Weight, kg

69.5 (62.3–79.3)

63.9 (60.0–69.0)

0.059

BMI, kg/m²

24.4 (21.9–26.9)

22.9 (21.0–25.0)

0.193

History of smoking, n (%)

20 (58.8)

10 (66.7)

0.604

History of hypertension or diabetes, n (%)

14 (41.2)

2 (13.3)

0.097

mMRC

1 (0–1)

1 (0–1)

0.443

CAT

8 (3–13)

12 (8–16)

0.054

Postbronchodilator pulmonary function

FEV₁, %pred

84.5 ± 13.1

76.0 ± 26.7

0.138

GOLD grade, GOLD 1, n (%)

21 (61.8%)

5 (33.3%)

0.066

FEV₁/FVC, %

64.6 (61.0–67.6)

53.5 (48.2–61.1)

9.6 (4.3–14.9)

0.003

Prebronchodilator pulmonary function

D_LCO, %pred

88.3 ± 20.8

70.4 ± 15.6

17.9 (5.8–29.9)

0.005

IC, %pred

102.2 ± 15.2

96.2 ± 29.0

0.348

RV, %TLC

41.1 ± 5.9

44.1 ± 9.8

0.183

Imaging

Lung volume, mL

5267.6 ± 1128.7

5480.0 ± 1112.1

0.545

LAA₉₅₀, % the whole lung

8.4 (4.2–13.1)

16.8 (9.6–23.6)

-7.1 (-12.0– -2.1)

0.008

VV, % the whole lung

3.8 ± 0.7

3.1 ± 0.7

0.7 (0.2–1.1)

0.005

Peak cardiopulmonary exercise test parameters (unless otherwise stated)

VO_2peak, % pred

88.9 ± 17.3

75.7 ± 12.0

13.2 (3.3–23.1)

0.005

VO₂ at AT, % pred

52.2 ± 11.2

48.1 ± 9.4

0.219

RER

1.2 ± 0.1

1.2 ± 0.1

0.504

O₂ pulse, % pred

94.1 ± 19.9

88.3 ± 13.1

0.301

Rest HR, bpm

85 ± 13

85 ± 13

0.933

Peak HR, bpm

150 ± 16

138 ± 14

12.0 (2.6–21.3)

0.011

HRR at 1 min, bpm

128 ± 17

131 ± 15

0.573

BR, %

22.3 (7.8–33.9)

9.5 (-30.2 to 16.1)

27.1 (9.2–45.0)

0.02

CR

0.89 ± 0.22

0.79 ± 0.19

0.169

Nadir VE/VCO₂

28.4 (26.1–31.2)

31.6 (29.4–39.2)

-5.2 (-9.0– -1.3)

0.003