Causal impact of gut microbiota and associated metabolites on pulmonary arterial hypertension: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Table 2 The heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy for the causal effect of gut microbiota, its metabolites and dietary patterns on pulmonary arterial hypertension

Exposure	Outcome	Method	Q	Q Df	Q P Value	Egger Intercept	SE	P value
Alistipes	PAH	IVW	41.871	50	0.786
Alistipes	PAH	MR Egger	40.345	49	0.806	−0.090	0.073	0.223
Coprobacter	PAH	IVW	45.768	45	0.440
Coprobacter	PAH	MR Egger	45.746	44	0.399	0.014	0.099	0.885
Erysipelotrichaceae (UCG003)	PAH	IVW	44.174	45	0.507
Erysipelotrichaceae (UCG003)	PAH	MR Egger	43.372	44	0.498	0.073	0.082	0.376
Lachnospiraceae (UCG008)	PAH	IVW	50.782	48	0.365
Lachnospiraceae (UCG008)	PAH	MR Egger	50.540	47	0.335	0.050	0.106	0.638
Ruminococcaceae (UCG005)	PAH	IVW	68.866	58	0.156
Ruminococcaceae (UCG005)	PAH	MR Egger	68.822	57	0.136	0.016	0.085	0.849
Victivallis	PAH	IVW	27.383	32	0.700
Victivallis	PAH	MR Egger	27.232	31	0.660	−0.059	0.151	0.700
Choline	PAH	IVW	59.742	94	0.998
Choline	PAH	MR Egger	58.496	93	0.998	0.046	0.041	0.267
Carnitine	PAH	IVW	267.071	277	0.655
Carnitine	PAH	MR Egger	267.020	276	0.640	−0.005	0.022	0.823
Betaine	PAH	IVW	58.317	58	0.464
Betaine	PAH	MR Egger	56.251	57	0.503	0.047	0.032	0.156
TMAO	PAH	IVW	49.411	57	0.752
TMAO	PAH	MR Egger	49.315	56	0.724	0.009	0.030	0.759
Acetate	PAH	IVW	129.309	138	0.689
Acetate	PAH	MR Egger	129.305	137	0.668	0.002	0.035	0.952
Indolepropionate	PAH	IVW	38.354	46	0.781
Indolepropionate	PAH	MR Egger	37.991	45	0.761	−0.031	0.052	0.550
3-Hydroxybutyrate	PAH	IVW	104.914	124	0.892
3-Hydroxybutyrate	PAH	MR Egger	103.351	123	0.900	0.044	0.035	0.214

Df degree of freedom, MR Mendelian randomization, TMAO trimethylamine N-oxide, PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension, IVW Inverse variance weighted, SE standard error

ISSN: 1471-2466