Effects and long-term outcomes of endurance versus resistance training as an adjunct to standard medication in patients with stable COPD: a multicenter randomized trial

Table 1 Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of the subjects

Variables	MT (n=132)	MT + ET (n=122)	MT + RT (n=112)	P -value
Age (yrs)	73.75 ± 0.63	75.02 ± 0.87	74.05 ± 0.48	0.37
Sex (% men)	109 (82%)	72 (59%)	70 (63 %)	<0.01
BMI (kg/m2)	22.76 ± 0.50	22.57 ± 0.32	22.48 ± 0.74	0.68
Smoking, n (%)	99 (75%)	61 (50%)	75 (67%)	0.05
PaO2 (mmHg)	79.05 ± 0.50	72.0 ± 0.75	76.15 ± 0.66	0.12
PaCO2 (mmHg)	46.10 ± 0.56	47.23 ± 0.53	47.08 ± 0.60	0.36
FEV1 (L)	1.25 ± 0.05	1.80 ± 0.05	1.75 ± 0.05	<0.05
FVC (L)	2.11 ± 0.05	2.85 ± 0.05	2.87 ± 0.06	<0.05
FEV1/FVC	0.59 ± 0.04	0.63 ± 0.04	0.61 ± 0.04	0.10
GOLD group, n (%)
A and B	45 (34%)	64 (52%)	59 (53%)
C and D	87 (66%)	58 (48%)	53 (47%)
SGRQ	21.20 ± 0.67	19.46 ± 0.75	18.55 ± 0.80	0.35
3MWD (m)	155.36 ± 3.21	108.32 ± 4.06	130.24 ± 3.67	<0.01
CAT	16.60 ± 0.52	13.74 ± 0.45	13.02 ± 0.51	<0.05
mMRC	2.18 ± 0.05	1.85 ± 0.06	1.21 ± 0.06	0.32
HAD-A	6.03 ± 0.20	6.37 ± 0.36	6.23 ± 0.17	0.58
HAD-D	6.61 ± 0.26	9.35 ± 0.31	8.67 ± 0.35	<0.01

MT medical treatment, MT + ET medical treatment combined with endurance training, MT + RT medical treatment combined with resistance training, BMI Body mass index, PaO2 Arterial oxygen partial pressure, PaCO2 Arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, GOLD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, CAT COPD assessment test, mMRC Modified Medical Research Council, SGRQ St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, 3MWD 3min walking distance, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (D = depression subscale; A = anxiety subscale). Data are presented as number (%) of patients or mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM)

ISSN: 1471-2466