Table 3 Mean per-patient asthma-related total cost (euros), societal perspective, according to the level of control GINA (last 3 months)
From: The association between asthma control, health care costs, and quality of life in France and Spain
Societal perspective, France | Societal perspective, Spain | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asthma control | Controlled N=458 | Partially controlled N=428 | Uncontrolled N=242 | Controlled N=445 | Partially controlled N=506 | Uncontrolled N=535 | ||
Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | p* | Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | p* | |
Antiasthmatic drugs (€) | 70.0 (108.3) | 95.7 (141.2) | 138.6 (231.4) | <0.0001 | 87.7 (103.9) | 121.1 (121.2) | 158.4 (141.3) | <0.0001 |
Reliever treatment only | 4.5 (16.6) | 8.4 (25.3) | 16.4 (49.4) | <0.0001 | 3.6 (13.8) | 5.6 (21.8) | 13.4 (37.3) | <0.0001 |
Controller treatment | 23.0 (61.5) | 32.3 (68.6) | 50.0 (112.0) | 0.0011 | 24.6 (60.1) | 32.5 (65.1) | 41.6 (67.9) | <0.0001 |
Fixed association | 42.5 (78.4) | 55.0 (97.1) | 72.2 (118.8) | 0.0005 | 59.5 (77.6) | 83.0 (88.4) | 103.4 (95.9) | <0.0001 |
GP Visits (€) | 9.7 (15.6) | 15.8 (26.2) | 36.4 (50.6) | <0.0001 | 35.3 (57.7) | 71.4 (90.1) | 142.9 (148.8) | <0.0001 |
Specialist visits | 0.5 (3.6) | 2.0 (10.2) | 5.7 (14.8) | <0.0001 | 7.5 (22.4) | 12.2 (37.5) | 23.0 (56.8) | <0.0001 |
Physiotherapist visits (€) | 0.0 (0.6) | 0.1 (1.3) | 2.5 (19.8) | <0.0001 | 0.3 (2.8) | 0.2 (2.2) | 1.0 (5.5) | 0.0005 |
Nurse visits (€) | 0.0 (0.2) | 0.0 (0.5) | 0.5 (4.5) | <0.0001 | 1.9 (9.8) | 3.2 (12.2) | 7.7 (22.5) | <0.0001 |
Emergency room (€) | 0.0 (-) | 0.9 (11.5) | 4.0 (22.1) | <0.0001 | 0.9 (11.3) | 4.1 (29.2) | 25.3 (69.2) | <0.0001 |
Hospitalization (€) | 0.0 (-) | 0.0 (-) | 33.6 (227.1) | <0.0001 | 0.0 (-) | 3.9 (44.6) | 55.3 (268.5) | <0.0001 |
Ambulatory exams (€) | 1.0 (7.3) | 2.4 (10.5) | 4.0 (13.2) | 0.0002 | 15.0 (32.3) | 13.9 (29.9) | 20.8 (36.7) | 0.0001 |
TOTAL DIRECT COST (€) | 81.2 (113.3) | 116.9 (155.4) | 225.3 (352.1) | <0.0001 | 148.7 (147.3) | 229.9 (217.3) | 434.4 (497.7) | <0.0001 |
Sick leaves (indirect costs) (€) | 4.2 (83.0) | 197.1 (2,125.8) | 312.6 (2,286.2) | 0.0002 | 3.9 (56.3) | 11.3 (109.5) | 122.4 (410.7) | <0.0001 |
TOTAL COST (€) | 85.4 (153.5) | 314.0 (2,160.4) | 537.9 (2,355.7) | <0.0001 | 152.6 (162.1) | 241.2 (266.8) | 556.8 (762.4) | <0.0001 |