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  1. The most commonly isolated organisms in a parapneumonic effusion include S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and S. aureus. If unusual organisms are isolated from the pleural space, further investigation is warranted t...

    Authors: Kranthikiran Earasi, Caitlin Welch, Adam Zelickson, Clinton Westover, Chintan Ramani, Cameron Sumner and Eric M. Davis

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:314

    Content type: Case report

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  3. Fungal infections are rarely reported as a complication of bronchial thermoplasty (BT) in patients without immunosuppressive comorbidity.

    Authors: Shinji Sasada, Kenshiro Ohmura, Tomoyo Oguri, Yutaro Fujimoto, Saori Murata, Yumi Tsuchiya, Kota Ishioka, Saeko Takahashi, Morio Nakamura and Masahiro Kaji

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:312

    Content type: Case report

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  4. Dysregulation of circRNAs has been reported to be functionally associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present investigation elucidated the potential role of CircRNA0001859 in regulat...

    Authors: Shuifang Chen, Yinan Yao, Shan Lu, Junjun Chen, Guangdie Yang, Lingfang Tu and Lina Chen

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:311

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Oxidative stress plays an important role in acute lung injury, which is associated with the development and progression of acute respiratory failure. Here, we investigated whether the degree of oxidative stres...

    Authors: Ryo Nagasawa, Yu Hara, Kota Murohashi, Ayako Aoki, Nobuaki Kobayashi, Shigeto Takagi, Satoru Hashimoto, Akihiko Kawana and Takeshi Kaneko

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:310

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) can lead to sepsis and is associated with high mortality rates in patients presenting with shock and/or respiratory failure and who require mechanical ventilation ...

    Authors: Pierre-François Laterre, Miguel Sánchez-García, Tom van der Poll, Olga de la Rosa, Kathy-Ann Cadogan, Eleuterio Lombardo and Bruno François

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:309

    Content type: Study protocol

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  7. The recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results in patients with COVID-19 is becoming more important and warrants more attention.

    Authors: Jian Wu, Juan Cheng, Xiaowei Shi, Jun Liu, Biao Huang, Xinguo Zhao, Yuanwang Qiu, Jiong Yu, Hongcui Cao and Lanjuan Li

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:308

    Content type: Case report

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  8. Non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been reported to develop in patients with interstitial pneumonia (IP); however, clinical, radiological, and pathological features remain to be elucidated.

    Authors: Kazumasa Ogawa, Hironori Uruga, Takeshi Fujii, Sakashi Fujimori, Tadasu Kohno, Atsuko Kurosaki, Kazuma Kishi and Shinji Abe

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:307

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease with still unknown etiology. Our previous studies showed a significantly higher percentage of CD34 + cells in the peripheral blood in patients with sarcoido...

    Authors: Rutkowska Elżbieta, Kwiecień Iwona, Bednarek Joanna, Jahnz-Różyk Karina and Rzepecki Piotr

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:306

    Content type: Research article

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  10. As a main line of defense of the respiratory tract, the airway epithelium plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. CDHR3 and EMSY were reported to be expressed in the human airway epithelium. Althou...

    Authors: Miaomiao Zhang, Guo Chen, Yu Wang, Shou-Quan Wu, Andrew J. Sandford and Jian-Qing He

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:305

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reach pandemic proportions globally. For patients with symptoms of fever and cough accompanied by rapid lung damage progression, COVID-19 needs to be distinguished from ...

    Authors: Mengke Cao, Shuangshuang Zhang, Dejie Chu, Ming Xiao, Xiaohong Liu, Lingling Yu, Jing Li, Yi Huang and Fang Fang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:304

    Content type: Case report

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  12. Asthma is a common chronic lung disease in children. We aimed to determine the associations between stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) and glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 (GLCCI1) polymorphisms and susce...

    Authors: Juan Huang, Xiaolei Hu, Xiangrong Zheng, Jian Kuang, Chentao Liu, Xia Wang and Yongjun Tang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:303

    Content type: Research article

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  13. The increasing trend of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in becoming the third leading cause of deaths by 2020 is of great concern, globally as well as in India. Dysregulation of protease/anti-prot...

    Authors: Durga Mahor, Vandana Kumari, Kapil Vashisht, Ruma Galgalekar, Ravindra M. Samarth, Pradyumna K. Mishra, Nalok Banerjee, Rajnikant Dixit, Rohit Saluja, Sajal De and Kailash C. Pandey

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:302

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly reached pandemic proportions. Given that the main target of SARS-CoV-2 are lungs leading to severe pneumonia with hyperactivation of the inf...

    Authors: Laura Pandolfi, Tommaso Fossali, Vanessa Frangipane, Sara Bozzini, Monica Morosini, Maura D’Amato, Sara Lettieri, Mario Urtis, Alessandro Di Toro, Laura Saracino, Elena Percivalle, Stefano Tomaselli, Lorenzo Cavagna, Emanuela Cova, Francesco Mojoli, Paola Bergomi…

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:301

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an underdiagnosed condition sharing risk factors with lung cancer. Lung cancer screening may provide an opportunity to improve COPD diagnosis. Using Pan-Canadian...

    Authors: John R. Goffin, Gregory R. Pond, Serge Puksa, Alain Tremblay, Michael Johnston, Glen Goss, Garth Nicholas, Simon Martel, Rick Bhatia, Geoffrey Liu, Heidi Schmidt, Sukhinder Atkar-Khattra, Annette McWilliams, Ming-Sound Tsao, Martin C. Tammemagi and Stephen Lam

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:300

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Usual interstitial pneumonia can present with a probable pattern on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), but the probability of identifying usual interstitial pneumonia by surgical lung biopsy in such c...

    Authors: Regina Celia Carlos Tibana, Maria Raquel Soares, Karin Mueller Storrer, Gustavo de Souza Portes Meirelles, Katia Hidemi Nishiyama, Israel Missrie, Ester Nei Aparecida Martins Coletta, Rimarcs Gomes Ferreira and Carlos Alberto de Castro Pereira

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:299

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy that arises within the intrahepatic, perihilar, and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. Individuals with cystic fibrosis are at increased risk for gastrointesti...

    Authors: Sara W. Carson, Kelly E. Craven, David Nauen, Kristina Montemayor, Mark Yarchoan, William R. Burns, Christian A. Merlo and Natalie E. West

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:298

    Content type: Case report

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  18. Airway remodeling is a major pathological characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and has been shown to be associated with oxidative stress. Sestrin2 has recently drawn attention as an ...

    Authors: Da-Wei Zhang, Yuan-Yuan Wei, Shuang Ji and Guang-He Fei

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:297

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Mucosal nodules can be caused by infection, inflammation and neoplastic disease. Many noninfectious diseases, such as eosinophilia, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, Wegener’s granuloma, langerhans cell histiocytosis ...

    Authors: Lujin Wu, Qianru Leng, Yan Wang, Daowen Wang and Danlei Yang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:296

    Content type: Case report

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  20. Paediatric cases of pleomorphic adenoma of the bronchus are rare in clinical practice, despite pleomorphic adenoma being the most common histological form of salivary gland neoplasm. To date, no such cases hav...

    Authors: Haiqin Zhong, Silei Yan, Kung Jiang, Yijing Hu and Xiaoyan Dong

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:295

    Content type: Case report

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  21. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Esmaeil Mortaz, Majid Malkmohammad, Hamidreza Jamaati, Parisa Adimi Naghan, Seyed Mohamad Reza Hashemian, Payam Tabarsi, Maohammad Varahram, Hamidreza Zaheri, Efsun Gonca Uğur Chousein, Gert Folkerts and Ian M. Adcock

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:294

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:269

  22. The close association between bronchiectasis and nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is well-known. However, the clinical impact of subsequent new-onset NTM-PD in bronchiectasis patients ha...

    Authors: Nakwon Kwak, Jong Hyuk Lee, Hyung-Jun Kim, Sung A. Kim and Jae-Joon Yim

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:293

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma (PBML) is a rare disease characterized by leiomyoma of benign histopathology existing in the lungs. Because of its rarity, limited literature with a single case or smal...

    Authors: Rong Fan, Fengzhi Feng, Hua Yang, Kaifeng Xu, Shanqing Li, Yan You, Xirun Wan and Lan Zhu

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:292

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Pneumothorax as a consequence of pulmonary barotrauma during explosive decompression military crew training in a hypobaric chamber is an extremely rare and sparsely diagnosed complication. Extensive bilateral ...

    Authors: Jakub Tlapák, Boris Oniščenko, Petr Došel, Pavel Požár, Petr Chmátal and Michal Hájek

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:291

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  25. The clinical correlates, prognosis and determinants of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) remain largely unclear.

    Authors: Ling Sang, Sibei Chen, Xia Zheng, Weijie Guan, Zhihui Zhang, Wenhua Liang, Ming Zhong, Li Jiang, Chun Pan, Wei Zhang, Jiaan Xia, Nanshan Chen, Wenjuan Wu, Hongkai Wu, Yonghao Xu, Xuesong Liu…

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:290

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating condition characterized by progressive lung function decline and early mortality. While early accurate diagnosis is essential for IPF treatment, data evalua...

    Authors: Shehabaldin Alqalyoobi, Evans R. Fernández Pérez and Justin M. Oldham

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:289

    Content type: Research article

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  27. The number of reports on sarcoidosis complicated by hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is limited, and most describe cases complicated by chronic bird-related HP. Here, we present for the first time a case with Pr...

    Authors: Michiru Sawahata, Noritaka Sakamoto, Hideaki Yamasawa, Yuki Iijima, Hirotoshi Kawata, Tetsuo Yamaguchi, Keisuke Uchida, Yoshinobu Eishi, Masashi Bando and Koichi Hagiwara

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:288

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  28. Although cigarette smoking may have a negative impact on the clinical outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), few studies have investigated the impact of smoking-associated lung diseases. Emphysema is a major...

    Authors: Naoki Takasaka, Yoshitaka Seki, Ikumi Fujisaki, Shota Uchiyama, Sachi Matsubayashi, Akihito Sato, Yumie Yamanaka, Kyuto Odashima, Taisuke Kazuyori, Aya Seki, Hiroshi Takeda, Takeo Ishikawa and Kazuyoshi Kuwano

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:287

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition characterised by dyspnoea during daily life. As the disease progresses, people with COPD can experience poor quality of life, redu...

    Authors: Sarah Hug, Vinicius Cavalheri, Daniel F. Gucciardi, Richard Norman and Kylie Hill

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:286

    Content type: Study protocol

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  30. Regular physical activity (PA) is a valued part of cystic fibrosis (CF) care. Although the accelerometer, SenseWear Armband (SWA), accurately measures habitual PA in CF, it is mostly used for research purposes...

    Authors: Daniela Savi, Luigi Graziano, Barbara Giordani, Stefano Schiavetto, Corrado De Vito, Giuseppe Migliara, Nicholas J. Simmonds, Paolo Palange and J. Stuart Elborn

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:285

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) depends on the presence of clinical, radiological and microbiological findings. Endotracheal suction aspirate (ETSA) is the commonest respiratory sample s...

    Authors: Salima Rattani, Joveria Farooqi, Ghazala Jabeen, Saeeda Chandio, Qaiser Kash, Aijaz Khan and Kauser Jabeen

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:284

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) has been found to be related to malignant tumors; the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between MMP2 expression in lung cancer tissues and clinical paramete...

    Authors: Liping Han, Baowei Sheng, Qingdi Zeng, Wei Yao and Qiufang Jiang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:283

    Content type: Research article

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  33. We aimed to assess the association between inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and the risk of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

    Authors: Hong Chen, Yulin Feng, Ke Wang, Jing Yang and Yuejun Du

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:282

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Obesity in children and adolescents is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to multisystemic impairment, including deleterious changes in lung function, which are poorly understood.

    Authors: Mariana Simões Ferreira, Fernando Augusto Lima Marson, Vaneza Lira Waldow Wolf, José Dirceu Ribeiro and Roberto Teixeira Mendes

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:281

    Content type: Research article

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  35. Exposure to toner, a substance used in photocopiers and printers, has been associated with siderosilicosis and other adverse effects. However, these findings are limited, and there is insufficient evidence on ...

    Authors: Niina Terunuma, Kazunori Ikegami, Hiroko Kitamura, Hajime Ando, Shizuka Kurosaki, Masashi Masuda, Takeshi Kochi, Nobuaki Yanagi, Yoshihisa Fujino, Akira Ogami and Toshiaki Higashi

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:280

    Content type: Research article

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  36. Due to the fact that pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a highly infectious respiratory disease characterized by high herd susceptibility and hard to be treated, this study aimed to search novel effective biomark...

    Authors: Yahong Sun, Gang Chen, Zhihao Liu, Lina Yu and Yan Shang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:279

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process in the onset and development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with unclear mechanisms. Our previous studies found that bleomycin and tunicamycin c...

    Authors: Ling Gong, Gang Liu, Honglan Zhu, Caihong Li, Pengmei Li, Changlu Liu, Hongbo Tang, Kaifeng Wu, Jie Wu, Daishun Liu and Xiaoping Tang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:278

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by deteriorated exocrine gland function with associated lymphocytic infiltration. However, there are few pathological studies on bronchial...

    Authors: Hiroko Okabayashi, Tomohisa Baba, Ryota Ootoshi, Ryota Shintani, Erina Tabata, Satoshi Ikeda, Takashi Niwa, Tsuneyuki Oda, Ryo Okuda, Akimasa Sekine, Hideya Kitamura, Shigeru Komatsu, Eri Hagiwara, Tamiko Takemura, Takuro Sakagami and Takashi Ogura

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:277

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by the airway and lung inflammation, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially among smokers over 40 years of age and indivi...

    Authors: Haifeng Zhou, Lei Zhang, Yang Li, Guorao Wu, He Zhu, Huilan Zhang, Jia-Kun Su, Lei Guo, Qing Zhou, Fei Xiong, Qilin Yu, Ping Yang, Shu Zhang, Jibao Cai and Cong-Yi Wang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:276

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing pandemic that profoundly challenges healthcare systems all over the world. Fever, ...

    Authors: Elise Peys, Dieter Stevens, Yannick Vande Weygaerde, Thomas Malfait, Laurens Hermie, Philippe Rogiers, Pieter Depuydt and Eva Van Braeckel

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:275

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  41. The early diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer is of great significance to the prognosis of patients. However, traditional histopathology and imaging screening have certain limitations. Therefore, new diagn...

    Authors: Jingyao Li, Yi Liao, Yaling Ran, Guiyu Wang, Wei Wu, Yang Qiu, Jie Liu, Ningyu Wen, Tao Jing, Haidong Wang and Shixin Zhang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:274

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. Previous studies have shown that serum uric acid (UA) levels are correlated with the severity of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and are predictors of disease prognosis. Still, few studies ha...

    Authors: Jingya Wang, Yuanyuan Wang, Xiaodi Li, Yingheng Huang, Xiaoxuan Sun, Qiang Wang and Miaojia Zhang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:272

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. Treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis is recommended in case of significant symptoms, impaired or deteriorating lung function. Evidence-based treatment recommendations are limited and largely based on expert opin...

    Authors: Vivienne Kahlmann, Montse Janssen Bonás, Catharina C. Moor, Coline H. M. van Moorsel, Mirjam Kool, Raisa Kraaijvanger, Jan C. Grutters, Mayka Overgaauw, Marcel Veltkamp and Marlies S. Wijsenbeek

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:271

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  45. Severe asthma is a chronic disease contributing to disproportionate disease morbidity and mortality. From the year of 2007, many genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have documented a large number of asthma-...

    Authors: Zhouzhou Dong, Yunlong Ma, Hua Zhou, Linhui Shi, Gongjie Ye, Lei Yang, Panpan Liu and Li Zhou

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:270

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to almost 100 countries, infected over 31 M patients and resulted in 961 K deaths worldwi...

    Authors: Esmaeil Mortaz, Majid Malkmohammad, Hamidreza Jamaati, Parisa Adimi Naghan, Seyed MohamadReza Hashemian, Payam Tabarsi, Maohammad Varahram, Hamidreza Zaheri, Efsun Gonca Uğur Chousein, Gert Folkerts and Ian M. Adcock

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:269

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:294

  47. Reports on the application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) are scarce. There have been no studies investigating the optimal specimen typ...

    Authors: Qing Wang, Bo Wu, Donglin Yang, Chao Yang, Zhixian Jin, Jie Cao and Jing Feng

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:268

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. Pulmonary rehabilitation offers potential benefits to people with asthma. It is however unknown if rehabilitation favourably affects patients’ health care needs. We therefore examined if rehabilitation reduced...

    Authors: Julia Salandi, Andrea Icks, Jalal Gholami, Stefan Hummel, Konrad Schultz, Christian Apfelbacher, Aziz Sheikh and Adrian Loerbroks

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:267

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in regulating chemo-resistance of NSCLC, however, the role of lncRNA SNHG14 in the DDP-resistance of NSCLC remains unexplored.

    Authors: Li Xu, Yan Xu, Min Yang, Jia Li, Fang Xu and Bo-Lin Chen

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2020 20:266

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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