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  1. Acute exacerbation (AE) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). AEs also occur in other forms of fibrosing interstitial lung disease (fILD). The clin...

    Authors: Mengshu Cao, Jian Sheng, Xiaohua Qiu, Dandan Wang, Dongmei Wang, Yang Wang, Yonglong Xiao and Hourong Cai

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:215

    Content type: Research article

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  2. Flexible bronchoscopy enables visualization of the respiratory airway mucosa from the oropharynx to third generation branching of the tracheobronchial tree. Bronchoscopic diagnoses vary from one locality to th...

    Authors: Deus A. Ndilanha, Grace A. Shayo, Ramadhan Hassan, Moses Byomuganyizi and Leonard E. K. Lema

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:214

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Fibrosing, non-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (non-IPF) interstitial lung diseases (fILDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by a different amount of inflammation and fibrosis. Therapy is curr...

    Authors: Sebastiano Emanuele Torrisi, Nicolas Kahn, Julia Wälscher, Nilab Sarmand, Markus Polke, Kehler Lars, Monika Eichinger, Claus Peter Heussel, Stefano Palmucci, Francesca Maria Sambataro, Gianluca Sambataro, Domenico Sambataro, Carlo Vancheri and Michael Kreuter

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:213

    Content type: Research article

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  4. A three-drug regimen (macrolide, ethambutol, and rifampicin) is recommended for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD). Although macrolide has proven efficacy, the role of ethambu...

    Authors: Hyung-Jun Kim, Jong Sik Lee, Nakwon Kwak, Jaeyoung Cho, Chang-Hoon Lee, Sung Koo Han and Jae-Joon Yim

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:212

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Anti-tuberculosis therapy requires at least six-month treatment with continuous administration of combined antibiotics, including isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. The long-term exposure to ...

    Authors: Wenpei Shi, Yi Hu, Xubin Zheng, Zhu Ning, Meiying Wu, Fan Xia, Stefanie Prast-Nielsen, Yue O. O. Hu and Biao Xu

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:211

    Content type: Study protocol

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  6. Spontaneous remission (SR) of cancer is a very rare phenomenon of unknown mechanism. In particular, SR of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been scarcely reported. We present the case of a 74-year-old wom...

    Authors: Hee-Young Yoon, Heae Surng Park, Min Sun Cho, Sung Shin Shim, Yookyung Kim and Jin Hwa Lee

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:210

    Content type: Case report

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  7. Lung cancer is one of the most incident neoplastic diseases, and a leading cause of death for cancer worldwide. Knowledge of the incidence of druggable genetic alterations, their correlation with clinical and ...

    Authors: Maria Colombino, Panagiotis Paliogiannis, Antonio Cossu, Davide Adriano Santeufemia, Maria Cristina Sini, Milena Casula, Grazia Palomba, Antonella Manca, Marina Pisano, Valentina Doneddu and Giuseppe Palmieri

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:209

    Content type: Research article

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  8. The expiratory time constant (RCEXP), which is defined as the product of airway resistance and lung compliance, enable us to assess the mechanical properties of the respiratory system in mechanically ventilated p...

    Authors: Takamitsu Ikeda, Yasuhiro Yamauchi, Kanji Uchida, Koji Oba, Takahide Nagase and Yoshitsugu Yamada

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:208

    Content type: Research article

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  10. Quantifying morphologic changes is critical to our understanding of the pathophysiology of the lung. Mean linear intercept (MLI) measures are important in the assessment of clinically relevant pathology, such ...

    Authors: George Crowley, Sophia Kwon, Erin J. Caraher, Syed Hissam Haider, Rachel Lam, Prag Batra, Daniel Melles, Mengling Liu and Anna Nolan

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:206

    Content type: Technical advance

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  11. The critical management of advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), especially when complicated by severe airway stenosis, is difficult and often leads to high clinical risks and medical costs.

    Authors: Ai-Gui Jiang, Hui-Yu Lu and Zhong-Qi Ding

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:205

    Content type: Case report

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  13. To explore patterns of brain structural alteration in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with different levels of lung function impairment and the associations of those patterns with cogniti...

    Authors: Minmin Yin, Haibao Wang, Xianwei Hu, Xiaoshu Li, Guanghe Fei and Yongqiang Yu

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:203

    Content type: Research article

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  14. The published data on the association between β2-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms and asthma susceptibility are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of this association, a meta-analysis was ...

    Authors: Songlin Zhao, Wei Zhang and Xiuhong Nie

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:202

    Content type: Research article

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  15. Delay in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) leads to severe disease, adverse outcomes and increased transmission. Assessing the extent of delay and its effect on disease progression in TB ...

    Authors: Fentabil Getnet, Meaza Demissie, Alemayehu Worku, Tesfaye Gobena, Rea Tschopp, Michael Girmachew, Gebeyehu Assefa and Berhanu Seyoum

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:201

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Lung injury is common in post-cardiac arrest syndrome, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mild hypothermia on lung injury after cardia...

    Authors: Chunshuang Wu, Jiefeng Xu, Xiaohong Jin, Qijiang Chen, Zilong Li and Mao Zhang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:198

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Following publication of the original article [1], the authors flagged that name of the author ‘Batoul Khoundabi’ had been provided with an incorrect spelling: ‘Batoutl’ was given in place of ‘Batoul’.

    Authors: Majid Malekmohammad, Gert Folkerts, Babak Sharif Kashani, Parisa Adimi Naghan, Zahra Habibi Dastenae, Batoul Khoundabi, Johan Garssen, Esmaeil Mortaz and Ian M. Adcock

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:197

    Content type: Correction

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    The original article was published in BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:188

  20. Epidemiologic studies have shown inconsistent conclusions about the effect of ulinastain treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is necessary to perform a meta-analysis of ulinastatin’s ra...

    Authors: Xiangyun Zhang, Zhaozhong Zhu, Weijie Jiao, Wei Liu, Fang Liu and Xi Zhu

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:196

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Dose intensity and dose density of first line Platinum and Etoposide (PE) do not influence Overall Survival (OS) of Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) patients. The effect of treatment length, however, remains uncl...

    Authors: Mostafa Sallam, Helen Wong and Carles Escriu

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:195

    Content type: Research article

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  22. Myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related nephritis (MPO-ANCA nephritis) is occasionally accompanied by lung abnormalities such as pulmonary fibrosis. However, the clinical features of pulmo...

    Authors: Toshikazu Watanabe, Tomoyuki Minezawa, Midori Hasegawa, Yasuhiro Goto, Takuya Okamura, Yosuke Sakakibara, Yoshikazu Niwa, Atsushi Kato, Masamichi Hayashi, Sumito Isogai, Masashi Kondo, Naoki Yamamoto, Naozumi Hashimoto and Kazuyoshi Imaizumi

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:194

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Radial endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS)-guided transbronchial biopsy (TBB) is a common diagnostic modality for peripheral pulmonary lesions; however, there is uncertainty about the optimal sequence of TBB and...

    Authors: Chun-Ta Huang, Yi-Ju Tsai, Chao-Chi Ho and Chong-Jen Yu

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:193

    Content type: Research article

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  24. Connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is associated with reduced quality of life and poor prognosis. Prior studies have not identified a consistent combination of variables t...

    Authors: Chrystal Chan, Christopher J. Ryerson, James V. Dunne and Pearce G. Wilcox

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:192

    Content type: Research article

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  25. IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs of the body. Pulmonary manifestations of IgG4-RD include pulmonary solid nodules, thickening of bronchovascular b...

    Authors: Xiuling Wang, Jun Wan, Ling Zhao, Jiping Da, Bin Cao and Zhenguo Zhai

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:191

    Content type: Case report

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  26. In 2015, South Korea experienced an outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and our hospital experienced a nosocomial MERS infection. We performed a comprehensive analysis to identify the MERS tra...

    Authors: Hyun Kyun Ki, Sang Kuk Han, Jun Seong Son and Sang O Park

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:190

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Limited data exists regarding healthcare utilization, medical expenses, and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. We aimed to investigate mor...

    Authors: In-Chang Hwang, Goo-Yeong Cho, Hong-Mi Choi, Yeonyee E. Yoon, Jin Joo Park, Jun-Bean Park, Seung-Pyo Lee, Hyung-Kwan Kim, Yong-Jin Kim and Dae-Won Sohn

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:189

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a fatal illness. Despite many improvements in the treatment of these patients, there is no unique prognostic variable available to track these patients. The...

    Authors: Majid Malekmohammad, Gert Folkerts, Babak Sharif Kashani, Parisa Adimi Naghan, Zahra Habibi Dastenae, Batoul Khoundabi, Johan Garssen, Esmaeil Mortaz and Ian M. Adcock

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:188

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:197

  29. Patient awareness of asthma severity is important for optimal asthma management. However, there is often a discrepancy between physician assessment of asthma control based on guidelines and patient discernment...

    Authors: Tewodros H. Gebremariam, Charles B. Sherman and Neil W. Schluger

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:187

    Content type: Research article

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  30. There is evidence of an association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and lung conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the risk...

    Authors: Gonzalo Labarca, Lauren Drake, Gloria Horta, Michael A. Jantz, Hiren J. Mehta, Sebastian Fernandez-Bussy, Erik Folch, Adnan Majid and Michael Picco

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:186

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) is characterized by the diffuse accumulation of red blood cells within the alveoli, presence of ground glass opacities and/or consolidation on computed tomography (CT). Aside...

    Authors: Anna Stainer, Alex Rice, Anand Devaraj, Joseph Luke Barnett, Jacqueline Donovan, Maria Kokosi, Andrew Gordon Nicholson, Tom Cairns, Athol Umfrey Wells and Elisabetta Augusta Renzoni

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:185

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  32. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) share a number of common risk factors, including innate immunity-related genetic factors. In the present study, we compared the rol...

    Authors: Zhongqi Li, Xuhua Mao, Qiao Liu, Huan Song, Biyu He, Peiyi Shi, Qun Zhang, Xiaona Li and Jianming Wang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:184

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Fibrotic interstitial lung disease (FILD) patients are typically dyspneic and exercise-intolerant with consequent impairment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Respiratory muscle dysfunction is among t...

    Authors: Pauliane Vieira Santana, Leticia Zumpano Cardenas, André Luis Pereira de Albuquerque, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro de Carvalho and Pedro Caruso

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:183

    Content type: Research article

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  35. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Despite an increasing burden of COPD in the world, it is often a neglected disease in low income countries and...

    Authors: Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel, Alemu Basazin Mingude and Teshome Gensa Geta

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:181

    Content type: Research article

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  36. E-cigarette use prevalence has grown rapidly in the US. Despite the popularity of these products, few acute exposure toxicity studies exist, and studies on long-term pulmonary health effects are limited. E-cig...

    Authors: Albert D. Osei, Mohammadhassan Mirbolouk, Olusola A. Orimoloye, Omar Dzaye, S. M. Iftekhar Uddin, Zeina A. Dardari, Andrew P. DeFilippis, Aruni Bhatnagar and Michael J. Blaha

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:180

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Most international guidelines recommend empirical therapy for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to be based on site of care. Some patients with severe CAP are managed in general wards because of limited inten...

    Authors: Phunsup Wongsurakiat and Napat Chitwarakorn

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:179

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is associated with oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis, granulomatous colitis, and highly penetrant pulmonary fibrosis in some su...

    Authors: Martina Doubková, Jakub Trizuljak, Zuzana Vrzalová, Anna Hrazdirová, Ivona Blaháková, Lenka Radová, Šárka Pospíšilová and Michael Doubek

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:178

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  39. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, concomitant idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and emphysema (CPFE) are independently related to poor survival. CPFE is a condition with features of both pulmon...

    Authors: Sung Woo Moon, Moo Suk Park, Young Sam Kim, Joon Jang, Jae Ho Lee, Choon-Taek Lee, Jin-Haeng Chung, Hyo Sup Shim, Kyung Won Lee, Seung-Seob Kim, Sang Hoon Lee and Ho Il Yoon

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:177

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Several major randomized control studies have demonstrated that mepolizumab, an anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody, is effective for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma who show exacerbation or require systemi...

    Authors: Takanori Numata, Katsutoshi Nakayama, Hirofumi Utsumi, Kenji Kobayashi, Haruhiko Yanagisawa, Mitsuo Hashimoto, Shunsuke Minagawa, Takeo Ishikawa, Hiromichi Hara, Jun Araya and Kazuyoshi Kuwano

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:176

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Asthma is an extensive public health problem and inadequate disease control is not uncommon. Individuals’ self-perceived barriers to medical treatment for the entire treatment chain (from seeking care for symp...

    Authors: Tove Hedenrud, Annika Jakobsson, Hanan El Malla and Helle Håkonsen

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:175

    Content type: Research article

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  42. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although high hemoglobin (Hb) is detrimental to CKD patients, its relationship with poor outcomes in the CO...

    Authors: Libin Xu, Yuanhan Chen, Zhen Xie, Qiang He, Shixin Chen, Wenji Wang, Guohui Liu, Yuanjiang Liao, Chen Lu, Li Hao, Jin Sun, Wei Shi and Xinling Liang

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:174

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Wheezes and crackles are well-known signs of lung diseases, but can also be heard in apparently healthy adults. However, their prevalence in a general population has been sparsely described. The objective of t...

    Authors: J. C. Aviles-Solis, C. Jácome, A. Davidsen, R. Einarsen, S. Vanbelle, H. Pasterkamp and H. Melbye

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:173

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) encompasses various phenotypes that severely limit the applicability of precision respiratory medicine. The present investigation is aimed to assess the circadian r...

    Authors: Scichilone Nicola, Antonelli Incalzi Raffaele, Blasi Francesco, Schino Pietro, Cuttitta Giuseppina, Zullo Alessandro, Ori Alessandra and Canonica Giorgio Walter

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:171

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is an aggressive interstitial lung disease with an unpredictable course. Occupational dust exposure may contribute to IPF onset, but its impact on antifibrotic treatment and...

    Authors: Valeria Casillo, Stefania Cerri, Andrea Ciervo, Mariarita Stendardo, Lamberto Manzoli, Maria Elena Flacco, Maurizio Manno, Marialuisa Bocchino, Fabrizio Luppi and Piera Boschetto

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:170

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are well known independent risk factors for lung cancer. However, the developmental mechanisms between emphysema/COPD and lung cancer remain unknown. ...

    Authors: Ken Arimura, Yasuo Sekine, Kenzo Hiroshima, Satoru Shimizu, Noriyuki Shibata, Mitsuko Kondo, Kiyoshi Takeyama and Etsuko Tagaya

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:169

    Content type: Research article

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  48. The diagnosis of lung typical carcinoid tumors results challenging when limited size and unfavorable sampling location is associated. It has been reported that bronchoscopy with endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)...

    Authors: Roberto Piro, Roberto Tonelli, Sofia Taddei, Alessandro Marchioni, Giovanni Musci, Enrico Clini and Nicola Facciolongo

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:168

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  49. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is traditionally defined as a resting mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of ≥25 mmHg, while mPAP in the range of 21 to 24 mmHg is recognized as “borderline PH.” Interstitial lung...

    Authors: Kenji Nemoto, Shuji Oh-ishi, Tatsuya Akiyama, Yuki Yabuuchi, Hitomi Goto, Mizu Nonaka, Yuika Sasatani, Hiroaki Tachi, Naoki Arai, Hiroaki Ishikawa, Kentaro Hyodo, Isano Hase, Yukiko Miura, Takio Takaku, Kenji Hayashihara and Takefumi Saito

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:167

    Content type: Research article

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  50. Myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor composed of mature adipose and hematopoietic tissues. Most myelolipomas are found in the adrenal glands, whereas intrathoracic myelolipoma is extremely rare. In particular, b...

    Authors: Hyun Sung Chung, Kyu Min Lee, Jung Seop Eom, Insu Kim, Seyeon Park, Jihyun Ahn, Ahrong Kim, Chang Hun Lee, Geewon Lee and Min Ki Lee

    Citation: BMC Pulmonary Medicine 2019 19:151

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

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