Effect of GSTM2-5polymorphisms in relation to tobacco smoke exposures on lung function growth: a birth cohort study

Table 3 Adjusted linear mixed models examining the main effects of diplotypes within GSTM2-5 cluster on repeated lung function measurements from ages 10 to 18 years

			Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁)		Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)		FEV₁/FVC
Gene	N	Diplotype*	β (mL)	p-value§	β (mL)	p-value§	β (%)	p-value§
GSTM2	1020	TC_AC	-5.93	0.97	-24.16	0.80	0.69	0.76
		TC_TC	-25.11	0.97	-37.94	0.34	0.14	0.77
		TG_AC	-6.09	0.97	-16.20	0.80	0.38	0.76
		TG_TG	8.69	0.97	-5.15	0.80	0.50	0.76
		Minor diplotypes	5.27	0.97	-40.58	0.80	2.18	0.76
		TC_TG	REF	--	REF	--	REF	--
		p-value‡	0.78		0.59		0.85
GSTM3	1037	AAA_AAA	-47.38	0.11	-50.5538	0.11	0.62	0.73
		AGA_AAA	-56.42	0.09	-83.1151	0.02	0.74	0. 73
		AGA_GGG	-38.32	0.11	-34.2516	0.15	0.26	0.79
		GGA_GGG	-41.55	0.23	-60.1746	0.11	0.81	0. 73
		GGG_GGG	-63.81	0.03	-51.9142	0.09	-0.15	0.79
		Minor diplotypes	-53.28	0.09	-54.6330	0.09	-0.17	0.79
		AAA_GGG	REF	--	REF	--	REF	--
		p-value‡	0.12		0.08		0.72
GSTM4	1028	AGG_AGG	-0.37	0.99	28.10	0.42	-0.53	0.60
		CAA_AGG	24.05	0.98	34.38	0.42	-0.10	0.88
		CAG_AAG	-13.55	0.98	-23.75	0.57	0.38	0.79
		CAG_CAA	15.47	0.98	37.69	0.42	-0.51	0.60
		CAG_CAG	-8.92	0.98	12.74	0.57	-0.67	0.60
		Minor diplotypes	6.55	0.98	35.15	0.42	-0.94	0.60
		CAG_AGG	REF	--	REF	--	REF	--
		p-value‡	0.91		0.54		0.69
GSTM5	1002	AA_AG	23.81	0.48	6.13	0.89	0.48	0.67
		AA_CA	53.26	0.04	31.88	0.50	0.60	0.67
		AG_CA	-24.22	0.48	-30.40	0.50	-0.42	0.67
		CA_CA	-6.40	0.83	4.47	0.89	-0.47	0.67
		Minor diplotypes	-41.33	0.48	-51.04	0.50	-0.27	0.78
		AA_AA	REF	--	REF	--	REF	--
		p-value‡	0.02		0.24		0.45

Note: Bold indicates statistically significant difference in lung function compared to referent group (p ≤ 0.05);
* Comprised of SNPs as described in the Results section; †Models adjusted for sex, rs366631, in utero smoke exposure, current smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, and body mass index (BMI); ‡ Global F-test p-value: combined effect of diplotypes on repeated lung function measurements; § After adjustment for false discovery rate (FDR).

ISSN: 1471-2466