Table 1 Characteristics of participants at the time of lung function test (F4 study)
Total | No COPD | COPD grade 1 | COPD grade 2+ | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 1321 | n = 1220 | n = 60 | n = 41 | ||
Age (years) | 51.6 (5.7) | 51.6 (5.7) | 50.0 (5.7) | 52.9 (6.3) | 0.04a |
Female sex | 703 (53.2%) | 648 (53.1%) | 34 (56.7%) | 21 (51.2%) | 0.83b |
Educational level: | |||||
Basic | 635 (48.1%) | 579 (47.5%) | 30 (50.0%) | 26 (63.4%) | 0.16b |
Secondary | 343 (26.0%) | 318 (26.1%) | 14 (23.3%) | 11 (26.8%) | |
High | 343 (26.0%) | 323 (26.5%) | 16 (26.7%) | 4 (9.8%) | |
Smoking status: | |||||
Never smoker | 477 (36.1%) | 462 (37.9%) | 10 (16.7%) | 5 (12.2%) | <0.0001b |
Current smoker | 306 (23.2%) | 264 (21.6%) | 23 (38.3%) | 19 (46.3%) | |
Former smoker | 538 (40.7%) | 494 (40.5%) | 27 (45.0%) | 17 (41.5%) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2): | |||||
Normal (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) | 455 (34.4%) | 410 (33.6%) | 31 (51.7%) | 14 (34.2%) | 0.11c |
Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | 4 (0.3%) | 4 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) | 520 (39.4%) | 482 (39.5%) | 21 (35.0%) | 17 (41.5%) | |
Obese (BMI > 30) | 342 (25.9%) | 324 (26.6%) | 8 (13.3%) | 10 (24.4%) | |
Comorbid conditions: | |||||
Heart failure (nmiss = 7) | 15 (1.1%) | 13 (1.1%) | 2 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.22c |
Myocardial infarction | 22 (1.7%) | 22 (1.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.81c |
Stroke | 14 (1.1%) | 13 (1.1%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.67c |
Cancer | 62 (4.7%) | 57 (4.7%) | 5 (8.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.16c |
Diabetes | 50 (3.8%) | 48 (3.9%) | 2 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.57c |