Table 3 Regression analysis: linear mixed models
Effect | Physical component: PCS-12 | Mental component: MCS-12 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic model | Extended model | Basic model | Extended model | |
No COPD | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
COPD grade 1 | −1.10 | −1.10 | −0.10 | 0.16 |
COPD grade 2+ | −3.54** | −3.98** | 1.24 | 1.36 |
Time (1, F4L)*no COPD | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
Time (1, F4L)*COPD grade 1 | 0.15 | −0.26 | −0.66 | −0.94 |
Time (1, F4L)*COPD grade 2+ | −1.16 | −1.08 | −0.75 | −0.71 |
Time (−1, S4)*no COPD | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
Time (−1, S4)*COPD grade 1 | −0.06 | −0.18 | −0.12 | −0.12 |
Time (−1, S4)*COPD grade 2+ | 0.27 | 0.65 | −0.23 | −0.02 |
Time (0, F4) | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
Time (−1, S4) | 0.32 | 0.08 | −0.08 | −0.09 |
Time (1, F4L) | −0.33 | −0.15 | 0.73* | 0.77* |
Age 41–45 yrs. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
Age 46–50 yrs. | 0.48 | 0.51 | 0.83 | 0.81 |
Age 51–55 yrs. | −1.04 | −0.62 | 0.27 | 0.29 |
Age ≥ 56 yrs. | −2.94*** | −2.42*** | 0.66 | 0.68 |
Sex: male | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
Sex: female | −0.78* | −1.00** | −2.33*** | −2.48*** |
Educational level: | ||||
Basic education | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. |
Secondary education | 1.61*** | 1.20** | −0.66 | −0.70 |
High education | 2.40*** | 1.85*** | −0.29 | −0.44 |
Smoking status: | ||||
Never smoker | ref. | ref. | ||
Current smoker | −0.82* | −1.05* | ||
Former smoker | −0.92 | −0.56 | ||
BMI: | ||||
Normal (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25) | ref. | ref. | ||
Underweight (BMI < 18.5) | −0.60 | −1.75 | ||
Overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) | −0.48 | −0.34 | ||
Obese (BMI > 30) | −2.48*** | 0.25 | ||
Comorbidities: | ||||
Heart failure | −4.94*** | −2.75* | ||
Myocardial infarction | −3.33* | 0.77 | ||
Stroke | −5.58*** | −4.03* | ||
Cancer | −3.21*** | 0.28 | ||
Diabetes | −1.72* | −2.05* | ||
Intercept | 49.12 | 50.64 | 51.71 | 52.26 |