Skip to main content

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of participants according to their apnea-hypopnea index (n = 49)

From: Sleep-related breathing disorders and gait variability: a cross-sectional preliminary study

 

Apnea-hypopnea index*

P-Value

 

< 15 (n = 23)

15-30 (n = 19)

>30 (n = 7)

Overall†

<15 versus 15-30‡

<15 versus >30‡

15-30 versus >30‡

Age, mean ± SD (years)

69.6 ± 0.8

69.8 ± 0.7

70.6 ± 1.4

0.174

-

-

-

Female, n (%)

15 (65.2)

8 (42.1)

4 (57.1)

0.284

-

-

-

Body mass index (kg/m2),

       

  Mean ± SD

24.1 ± 2.5

26.6 ± 3.2

28.4 ± 2.44

0.003

0.020

0.002

0.231

  >25, n (%)

10 (43.5)

13 (68.4)

7 (100.0)

0.021

0.314

0.013

0.314

Number of drugs taken daily, mean ± SD

1.9 ± 1.8

2.2 ± 1.52.3

2.3 ± 1.1

0.710

-

-

-

Vision (/10), mean ± SD

8.3 ± 2.5

8.3 ± 3.3

8.0 ± 2.0

0.634

-

-

-

Lower-limb proprioception# (/8), mean ± SD

5.0 ± 1.7

4.7 ± 1.3

4.0 ± 1.4

0.219

-

-

-

Lower-limb osteoarthritis, n (%)

1 (4.3)

2 (10.5)

1 (14.3)

0.701

-

-

-

History of falls in the past year, n (%)

7 (30.4)

5 (26.3)

1 (14.3)

0.703

-

-

-

Depression** (/13), mean ± SD

1.8 ± 2.1

0.9 ± 1.1

2.0 ± 1.8

0.361

-

-

-

Mini mental status examination ††score (/30), mean ± SD

29.1 ± 1.1

29.3 ± 0.7

28.9 ± 0.9

0.509

-

-

-

Total delayed recall and free delayed recall ‡‡ score (/48), mean ± SD

47.0 ± 2.0

47.6 ± 0.7

47.1 ± 1.5

0.616

-

-

-

Digit span score¶¶, mean ± SD

10.5 ± 1.9

10.6 ± 1.9

9.1 ± 0.9

0.106

-

-

-

Coefficient of variation of stride time (%), mean ± SD

1.5 ± 0.5

2.2 ± 0.9

2.3 ± 0.5

0.010

0.031

0.004

0.395

  1. *<15 = no sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD), 15-30 = mild SRBD, and >30 = moderate-to-severe SRBD.
  2. †Comparison based on Kruskal-Wallis or Chi-square test, as appropriate.
  3. ‡Comparison based on Mann–Whitney test.
  4. Binocular vision acuity at distance of 5 m with a Snellen letter test chart.
  5. #Mean value of left and right sides, based on graduated tuning fork placed on the tibial tuberosity.
  6. **Depressive symptoms measured using the QD2A questionnaire including 13 questions with scores ranging from 0 to 13 points.
  7. ††Cognitive test exploring global cognitive function with score at 30 corresponding to best performance (i.e., healthy cognitive status).
  8. ‡‡Grober & Buschke test exploring episodic memory with score at 48 corresponding to best performance (i.e., no episodic memory disorders).
  9. ¶¶Total number of digits that a participant can absorb and recall in correct forward and backward serial orders after hearing them.
  10. P significant (<0.05) indicated in bold.
Back to article page

BMC Pulmonary Medicine

ISSN: 1471-2466

Contact us