Table 1 General characteristics

Sex (M/F)

14/10

6/3

4/173

4/4

0.791

Age (years)

66 (61–68)

64 (59–67)

62 (59–67)

71 (66–77)

0.012

Pulmonary function

FEV₁ (liters )

0.98 (0.78-1.05)

1.01 (0.84-1.19)

0.74 (0.60-0.84)

1.00 (0.96-1.10)

0.010

FEV₁ (% predicted)

35 (29–51)

34 (23–51)

30 (20–38)

46 (43–60)

0.064

FEV₁/VC max (%)

32 (24–43)

31 (24–41)

25 (24–29)

42 (33–52)

0.057

DL_CO (%)

42 (36–55)

41 (31–55)

42 (34–61)

46 (40–56)

0.802

RV (%)

177 (136–235)

190 (137–243)

208 (172–260)

146 (128–178)

0.081

Arterial blood gases

PaO₂ (kPa)

9.8 (8.8-10.8)

9.0 (8.5-10.9)

9.6 (8.5-9.9)

10.3 (9.4-11.2)

0.284

PaCO₂ (kPa)

4.9 (4.7-5.5)

5.4 (4.8-5.7)

5.0 (4.7-5.6)

4.8 (4.6-5.1)

0.159

SaO₂ (%)

96 (95–97)

95 (95–97)

95 (94–97)

97 (96–98)

0.166

GOLD classification (I/II/III/IV)

0/7/10/7

0/3/3/3

0/0/4/3

0/4/3/1

0.025

GOLD classification (new) (A/B/C/D)

0/3/0/21

0/2/0/7

0/0/0/7

0/1/0/7

0.427

BMI (kg/m²)

25.4 (22.2-29.8)

25.4 (21.9-26.9)

24.6 (23.5-30.3)

26.9 (21.5-31.1)

0.834

FFMI (kg/m²)

17.0 (15.8-18.5)

16.9 (15.7-17.5)

16.5 (15.7-18.8)

17.4 (15.8-19.1)

0.680

Cardiopulmonary exercise test

Peak load (watts)

47 (35–57)

51 (35–57)

46 (41–62)

44 (30–58)

0.867

Peak load (% predicted)

33 (23–47)

26 (23–39)

38 (22–81)

39 (23–63)

0.481

Peak VO₂ ( ml/min)

841 (710–987)

751 (697–919)

817 (734–1087)

904 (699–1076)

0.473

Peak VO₂ (% predicted)

48 (33–73)

31 (27–64)

53 (40–90)

52 (40–115)

0.142

Peak VE (liters)

33 (29–39)

38 (28–41)

32 (25–35)

35 (29–44)

0.553

Peak VE (% MVV)

89 (78–107)

84 (72–98)

103 (95–119)

81 (68–101)

0.040

Peak HR (bpm)

104 (98–124)

103 (98–122)

126 (104–131)

102 (90–109)

0.080

Peak HR (% predicted)

71 (64–75)

66 (64–73)

75 (68–83)

70 (63–72)

0.186

Dyspnea, end (points)

7 (5–8)

7 (5–7.5)

7 (7–9)

8 (5–9.5)

0.526

Fatigue, end (points)

5 (3–7)

5 (3.5-7.5)

5 (3–7)

4 (3–7)

0.861

Saturation, end (%)

91 (89–95)

93 (91–98)

90 (89–91)

94 (89–96)

0.132