Table 1 Characteristics of the five study groups
“Healthy” | Non-inflammatory COPD | Inflammatory COPD | CHD only | CHD + COPD | Group p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 2,107 | 1,100 | 118 | 235 | 121 | ||
Weighted N | 26,684,256 | 11,704,624 | 1,147,035 | 1,992,045 | 1,109,152 | ||
Gender (%) | Male | 47.9 | 57.0 | 45.4 | 62.4 | 73.7 | <0.001 |
Female | 52.1 | 43.0 | 54.6 | 37.6 | 26.3 | ||
Age (%) | 40-49 | 56.8 | 18.8 | 5.8 | 12.3 | 3.3 | <0.001 |
50-59 | 24.6 | 22.2 | 24.6 | 20.3 | 13.5 | ||
60-69 | 11.3 | 28.5 | 29.1 | 27.7 | 28.9 | ||
70-79 | 5.5 | 22.4 | 33.7 | 28.6 | 36.4 | ||
80+ | 1.8 | 8.2 | 6.8 | 11.1 | 18.0 | ||
60+ years | 18.6 | 59.1 | 69.6 | 67.4 | 83.3 | <0.001 | |
Race (%) | White | 85.1 | 91.0 | 83.7 | 86.0 | 96.7 | <0.001 |
Black | 6.8 | 5.1 | 8.7 | 9.2 | 2.5 | ||
Hispanic | 8.0 | 3.9 | 7.6 | 4.8 | 0.8 | ||
Minority | 14.8 | 9.0 | 16.3 | 15.0 | 3.3 | ||
Education (%) | < High School | 18.9 | 30.4 | 36.0 | 36.0 | 40.7 | <0.001 |
Marital Status (%) | Partnered | 76.8 | 72.9 | 62.9 | 74.6 | 72.3 | 0.138 |
Insured (%) | 92.4 | 95.6 | 98.9 | 97.1 | 97.5 | <0.001 | |
Income (%) | <$20 K/year | 19.8 | 35.5 | 50.9 | 42.3 | 41.9 | <0.001 |
Employed (%) | 77.6 | 47.6 | 32.7 | 38.1 | 28.2 | <0.001 | |
Any Alcohol Consumption (%) | 89.0 | 89.9 | 90.5 | 86.6 | 87.9 | 0.727 | |
Alcohol * Consumption | (# drinks per week) | 3.8 (0.3) | 3.9 (0.5) | 6.7 (3.3) | 2.8 (0.7) | 3.6 (1.3) | 0.466 |
Smoking Status (%) | Never | 47.2 | 27.2 | 23.3 | 34.6 | 11.3 | <0.001 |
Past | 34.6 | 43.8 | 38.2 | 48.0 | 69.3 | ||
Current | 18.2 | 29.0 | 38.6 | 17.4 | 19.4 | ||
Ever (Past + Current) | 52.8 | 72.8 | 76.8 | 65.4 | 88.7 | <0.001 | |
No. cigarettes per day* | 3.5 (0.3) | 6.7 (0.5) | 7.9 (1.5) | 3.9 (1.2) | 5.3 (1.9) | <0.001 | |
10 pack-year smoking history (%) | 30.4 | 55.1 | 61.2 | 45.4 | 71.9 | <0.001 | |
Exposure to ETS (%) | 30.4 | 38.0 | 46.9 | 28.3 | 29.0 | 0.004 | |
Cough or phlegm, 3+ months (%) | 7.9 | 17.1 | 29.1 | 10.8 | 19.5 | <0.001 | |
Shortness of breath (%) | 16.5 | 34.4 | 50.3 | 54.6 | 48.9 | <0.001 | |
FEV1/FVC ratio* | 0.79 (0.01) | 0.63 (0.01) | 0.61 (0.01) | 0.78 (0.01) | 0.62 (0.01) | <0.001 | |
FEV1 (ml)* | 3196 (26.6) | 2417 (39.2) | 1952 (94.3) | 2699 (82.3) | 2176 (75.8) | <0.001 | |
FVC (ml)* | 4069 (33.8) | 3823 (57.3) | 3165 (128.7) | 3494 (109.5) | 3503 (95.9) | <0.001 | |
COPD Severity (%) | None | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | <0.001 |
Mild | 0.0 | 58.7 | 40.5 | 0.0 | 46.1 | ||
Moderate | 0.0 | 35.2 | 45.3 | 0.0 | 49.0 | ||
Severe | 0.0 | 6.1 | 14.2 | 0.0 | 4.9 | ||
Mortality (%) | CHD | 2.4 | 6.4 | 12.7 | 30.1 | 33.5 | <0.001 |
CVD | 3.5 | 9.8 | 15.7 | 33.5 | 39.7 | <0.001 | |
All-cause | 11.3 | 40.4 | 57.7 | 62.8 | 69.2 | <0.001 | |
No. months follow-up* | 173 (2.8) | 150 (3.6) | 128 (7.3) | 124 (5.6) | 115 (6.9) | <0.001 |