Table 1 Anthropometry, metabolic measurements and respiratory characteristics of participants

Characteristics studied	Males (n = 429)	Females (n = 541)
*Age and Anthropometric measurements*
Age (yr) Mean (SD)	25 (1.56)	24.7 (1.6)
Adult weight (kg) Median (IQR)	70.1 (63.1, 78.5)	62 (55, 70.6)
Adult height (cm) Mean (SD)	168 (6.1)	156.5 (5.7)
BMI (kg/m²) Median (IQR)	25 (11.7, 27.3)	25.1 (22.6, 28.8)
Weight at birth (g) Mean (SD)	3,201 (482.3)	3,178 (491.6)
*Measurements of lung function and lung obstruction*
FEV₁ (L)^* Median (IQR)	4.1 (3.8-4.5)	3.1 (2.8-3.4)
FVC (L)^* Median (IQR)	4.7 (4.3- 5.2)	3.5 (3.2-3.8)
FEV₁ below LLN (n (%))	18 (4.2)	11 (2.0)
FVC below LLN (n (%))	32 (7.5)	14 (2.6)
*Potential confounders (n (%) unless indicated otherwise*
Current smoker	283 (66.0)	266 (49.2)
Ex-smokers	37 (8.6)	70 (12.8)
12 years of full time education	330 (76.9)	394 (72.3)
Number of people with at least 4 of 6 household belongings (SES)	102 (23.8)	104 (18.9)
*Components of metabolic syndrome (n (%) unless indicated otherwise)*
Metabolic syndrome (MS)^§	53 (12.4)	61 (11.1)
HOMA-IR^#	153 (35.8)	182 (33.2)
Abdominal obesity^&	18 (4.2)	163 (29.7)
Fasting insulin (μU/mL) Mean (SD)	11.6 (5.8)	11.7 (5.8)
Hypertension^†	41 (9.6)	13 (2.4)
High glycaemia^†	6 (1.4)	2 (0.4)
High triglycerides^†	96 (22.5)	75 (13.7)
Low HDL^†	235 (54.9)	419 (76.3)

SD standard deviation.
SES Socio-Economic Status (No of household items used as an estimate of SES in the study population, namely having a washing machine, microwave, gas-fuelled water-heating device, refrigerator or a computer at home).
^*Highest of five measurements.
^§Metabolic syndrome (MS) – an individual was considered to have MS if three or more of the following components were present: 1) abdominal obesity (waist circumference > 102 cm in men and >88 cm in women); 2) elevated blood pressure (systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg); 3) elevated triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dL); 4) decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; < 40 mg/dL in men and < 50 mg/dL) and 5) elevated fasting glucose (≥ 110 mg/dL).
^#HOMA-IR cut off point 2.53 or above considered high for Chilean adults; below 2.53 considered normal (reference value).
^&Abdominal obesity defined as indicated in MS.
^†Hypertension defined as indicated in MS (normal blood pressure as reference); high glycaemia, high triglycerides, and low HDL defined as indicated in MS.

ISSN: 1471-2466