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Table 4 Hazard ratios for 10-year mortality due to pulmonary diseases * in 3 different models €

From: Low oxygen saturation and mortality in an adult cohort: the Tromsø study

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

 

HR

(95% CI)

p-value

HR

(95% CI)

p-value

HR

(95% CI)

p-value

Age (years)

   

1.10

(1.07–1.12)

<0.001

1.08

(1.05–1.11)

<0.001

Sex

         

  Female

   

1

(reference)

  

1

(reference)

  Male

   

2.12

(1.50–2.98)

<0.001

1.95

(1.37–2.79)

<0.001

Self-reported diseases

         

  CVD

1.16

(0.81–1.67)

0.42

1.21

(0.81–1.80)

0.36

1.28

(0.85–1.93)

0.23

  Asthma

3.64

(2.57–5.16)

<0.001

1.96

(1.32–2.92)

0.001

1.53

(1.02–2.31)

0.042

  COPD

5.18

(3.57–7.52)

<0.001

1.72

(1.10–2.69)

0.017

1.31

(0.83–2.06)

0.26

  Diabetes

1.73

(0.94–3.19)

0.081

1.91

(1.01–3.64)

0.048

1.50

(0.76–2.98)

0.24

  Hypertension

0.65

(0.44–0.95)

0.027

0.75

(0.49–1.14)

0.18

0.74

(0.48–1.12)

0.15

Smoking history

         

  Never

1

(reference)

 

1

(reference)

  

1

(reference)

  Former

4.74

(2.41–9.34)

<0.001

3.78

(1.91–7.48)

<0.001

3.08

(1.55–6.12)

0.001

  Current

14.21

(7.32–27.59)

<0.001

9.26

(4.69–18.28)

<0.001

6.35

(3.17–12.71)

<0.001

Self-reported symptoms

         

Dyspnoea#

         

  0

1

(reference)

 

1

(reference)

 

1

(reference)

 

  1

1.64

(1.17–2.31)

0.005

1.09

(0.75–1.58)

0.65

0.99

(0.67–1.45)

0.94

  ≥2

3.39

(2.16–5.33)

<0.001

1.31

(0.77–2.24)

0.31

1.12

(0.64–1.94)

0.70

Chronic cough with sputum

         

  Yes

1.85

(1.24–2.77)

0.003

1.86

(1.25–2.79)

0.002

1.63

(1.07–2.48)

0.022

BMI (kg/m2)

         

  <18.5

2.92

(1.17–7.30)

0.022

1.75

(0.63–4.88)

0.29

0.83

(0.20–3.46)

0.80

  18.5-24.9

1

(reference)

 

1

(reference)

 

1

(reference)

 

  25.0-29.9

0.62

(0.44–0.88)

0.007

0.67

(0.47–0.96)

0.031

0.73

(0.50–1.06)

0.09

  ≥30.0

0.66

(0.42–1.03)

0.064

0.67

(0.41–1.08)

0.099

0.79

(0.49–1.30)

0.36

CRP (mg/L)

         

  <5

1

(reference)

 

1

(reference)

 

1

(reference)

 

  ≥5

1.90

(1.32–2.74)

0.001

1.13

(0.77–1.68)

0.53

1.06

(0.71–1.58)

0.78

FEV1% predicted

         

  <50

16.35

(10.51–25.43)

<0.001

   

3.74

(2.07–6.77)

<0.001

  50–80

3.11

(2.10–4.60)

<0.001

   

1.73

(1.11–2.68)

0.015

  ≥80

1

(reference)

    

1

(reference)

 

FEV1/FVC%

         

  <0.7

5.18

(3.70–7.25)

<0.001

   

1.64

(1.08–2.51)

0.022

  ≥0.7

1

(reference)

    

1

(reference)

 

SpO2 (%)

         

  ≤92

9.12

(4.99–16.67)

<0.001

5.19

(2.70–9.99)

<0.001

3.17

(1.53–6.56)

0.002

  93–95

3.32

(2.33–4.71)

<0.001

2.54

(1.75–3.68)

<0.001

1.97

(1.33–2.92)

0.001

  ≥96

1

(reference)

 

1

(reference)

 

1

(reference)

 
  1. *Pulmonary diseases: including COPD, asthma, interstitial lung disease, sequelae of tuberculosis, lung cancer.
  2. €Adjusted for age and sex in Model 1 and for all listed variables in the other two models.
  3. #Dyspnoea: 0, no dyspnoea; 1, dyspnoea while walking rapidly on level ground or up a moderate slope, ≥2, dyspnoea walking slowly on level ground, washing or dressing, or at rest.
  4. Definition of abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; SpO2, arterial oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry.
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

ISSN: 1471-2466

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