Table 3 Health-related quality of life of training and control group before (t1) and after (t2) one year

Physical functioning

62 ± 26

71 ± 20

0.016

69 ± 21

66 ± 28

0.752

Social functioning

67 ± 26

79 ± 22

0.014

67 ± 27

73 ± 22

0.703

Role limitations: Physical

23 ± 23

31 ± 18

0.256

14 ± 20

21 ± 22

0.200

Role limitations: Emotional

48 ± 44

58 ± 47

0.515

38 ± 38

62 ± 45

0.172

Mental health

55 ± 21

64 ± 13

0.119

56 ± 14

63 ± 23

0.270

Energy/vitality

46 ± 25

54 ± 18

0.418

41 ± 15

54 ± 24

0.140

Pain

70 ± 28

86 ± 17

0.129

79 ± 35

64 ± 29

0.230

General health perspective

47 ± 20

50 ± 16

0.650

44 ± 21

49 ± 28

0.288

AQLQ

Overall QOL

4.3 ± 1.2

5.0 ± 1.1

0.027

4.3 ± 1.1

4.8 ± 1.5

0.270

Activities

4.0 ± 1.4

4.8 ± 1.3

0.009

3.9 ± 1.1

4.2 ± 1.7

0.691

Symptoms

4.2 ± 1.2

5.0 ± 1.1

0.093

4.4 ± 1.2

4.9 ± 1.5

0.222

Emotions

4.8 ± 1.8

5.6 ± 1.4

0.047

4.7 ± 1.3

5.3 ± 1.6

0.1

Environment

4.6 ± 1.4

5.1 ± 1.4

0.187

4.6 ± 1.6

5.2 ± 1.7

0.416