Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies on obstructive sleep apnea and the risk of metabolic syndrome
First author, year | Study design, location | OSA diagnosis (Methods; criteria) | Definition of MS | OSA group | Non-OSA group | ORs | NOS scores | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % MS | N | % MS | Adjusted | OR (95Â % CI) | Confounder | |||||
Cross-sectional study | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Jamie C.M. Lam, 2006 [35] | Community-based study, Hong Kong, China | PSG; AHI ≥5 events/h. | ATP III | 95 | 58 % | 160 | 21 % | Yes | 2.65 (1.38–5.08) | Age, gender, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption | 9 |
James M. Parish, 2007 [28] | Retrospective hospital-based study, United states | PSG; AHI ≥ 5 events/h or ≥10 events/h | ATP III | 174 | 56 % | 54 | 43 % | No | 1.74 (0.94–3.22) | None | 5 |
Susan Redline, 2007 [43] | Two-stage community-based study, United States | PSG; AHI ≥5 events/h. | Adapted ATP III | 22 | 59 % | 248 | 16 % | Yes | 6.49 (2.52–16.70) | Age, sex, race and preterm status. | 9 |
F. Javier Nieto, 2009 [26] | Community-based study, United states | PSG; AHI ≥5 events/h. | ATP III | 253 | ----- | 293 | ----- | Yes | 2.37 (1.60–3.50) | Age, sex, BMI | 8 |
Francesco Angelico, 2010 [31] | Hospital-based study, Italy | PSG; AHI >5 events/h. | ATP III | 178 | 53.9 % | 48 | 42.6 % | No | 1.64 (0.86–3.12) | None | 6 |
Stephen Guill, 2010 [42] | Community and web-based study, United States | PSG. AHI >5 events/h. | ATP III | 12 | 33 % | 18 | 28 % | No | 1.30 (0.27–6.33) | None | 6 |
Nikolaos Papanas, 2010 [18] | Hospital-based study, Greece | PSG; AHI >5 events/h | ATP III | 53 | 71.7 % | 30 | 36.7 % | No | 4.38 (1.69–11.35) | None | 6 |
Swastik Agrawal, 2011 [30] | Hospital-based study, Northern India | PSG; AHI >5 events/h. | ATP III | 187 | 79 % | 40 | 48 % | No | 4.19 (2.05–8.56) | None | 6 |
H.-W.M. Breuer, 2011 [40] | Hospital-based study, Germany. | PSG; AHI ≥ 5 events/h. | ATP III or IDF | 360 | 47 % | 58 | 26 % | No | 2.54 (1.36–4.73) | None | 6 |
M. Gasa, 2011 [32] | Multi hospital-based study, Spain | PSG; AHI ≥ 15 events/h. | ATP III | 114 | 70 % | 44 | 36 % | Yes | 2.84 (1.30–6.22) | Age, gender and BMI | 8 |
Duygu Ozol, 2011 [29] | Hospital-based study, Ankara, Turkey | PSG; AHI ≥5 events/h. | ATP III | 195 | 23.8 % | 20 | 10.0 % | No | 2.81 (0.61–12.97) | None | 6 |
Jenny Theorell-Haglöw, 2011 [27] | Two-stage population-based study, Sweden | PSG; AHI ≥5 events/h. | ATP III | 135 | 44.4 % | 265 | 16.2 % | No | 4.13 (2.58–6.62) | None | 7 |
Assoumou HG, 2012 [36] | Community-based study, France | PSG; AHI >15 events/h | ATP III | 449 | 12.5 % | 357 | 5 % | No | 2.68 (1.55–4.65) | None | 7 |
Qi-Chang Lin, 2012 [33] | Hospital-based study, China | PSG; AHI ≥5 events/h. | Modified ATP III | 113 | 38.9 % | 45 | 8.9 % | No | 6.54 (2.19–19.52) | None | 6 |
Bienvenido Barreiro, 2013 [37] | Hospital-based study, Barcelona, Spain | PSG; AHI ≥5 events/h. | ATP III | 116 | 68 % | 25 | 32 % | No | 4.36 (1.73–11.01) | None | 5 |
Case–control study |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Steven R. Coughlin, 2004 [17] | Hospital-based study, United kingdom | PSG; AHI ≥15 events/h | ATP III | 61 | 87 % | 43 | 35 % | Yes | 9.1 (2.6–31.2) | Age, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption | 7 |
Ryujiro Sasanabe, 2006 [39] | Hospital-based study, Japan | PSG; AHI ≥5 events/h | IDF | 819 | 47.3 % | 89 | 16.9 % | Yes | 2.10 (1.46–3.02) | Age and BMI | 8 |
Bharat Bhushan, 2010 [34] | Hospital-based study, Northern India | PSG; AHI > 10 events/h. | ATP III | 121 | 67.8 % | 119 | 42.0 % | Yes | 3.40 (1.93–6.05) | Age, BMI, smoking, and alcohol consumption | 8 |
Ozen K. Basoglu, 2011 [38] | Hospital-based study, Izmir, Turkey | PSG; AHI ≥5 events/h | ATP III | 36 | 47.2 % | 34 | 29.4 % | No | 2.15 (0.80–5.76) | None | 6 |
A. Barcelo, 2011 [41] | Hospital-based study, Spain | PSG; AHI ≥10 events/h. | ATP III | 119 | 38.0 % | 119 | 21.0 % | No | 2.54 (1.41–4.56) | None | 5 |