|
Race
|
|
White vs. non-white
|
0.63 (0.45–0.88)
|
0.007*
|
|
Lung-function decline group
|
|
Marginal decline vs. stable
|
2.02 (1.13–3.59)
|
0.011*
|
|
Significant decline vs. stable
|
2.86 (1.69–4.85)
|
<0.001*
|
|
BMI
|
|
25–30 vs. <25
|
0.82 (0.53–1.26)
|
0.362
|
|
≥30 vs. <25
|
0.75 (0.45–1.23)
|
0.245
|
|
Comorbidities
|
|
Cardiac disorder vs. no cardiac disorder
|
1.57 (1.04–2.37)
|
0.031*
|
|
Pulmonary hypertension vs. no pulmonary hypertension
|
1.65 (1.03–2.63)
|
0.036*
|
|
Emphysema vs. no emphysema
|
1.89 (1.02–3.50)
|
0.043*
|
|
Gastroesophageal reflux disease vs. no gastroesophageal reflux disease
|
1.07 (0.74–1.54)
|
0.736
|
|
Smoking status
|
|
History of smoking vs. no history of smoking
|
0.91 (0.64–1.31)
|
0.608
|
|
Suspected AEx in the concurrent period
|
|
Yes vs. no
|
2.98 (1.92–4.62)
|
<0.001*
|
|
Use of prednisone and azathioprine in the concurrent period
|
|
Both vs. neither
|
1.40 (0.76–2.55)
|
0.276
|
|
Prednisone only vs. neither
|
1.23 (0.81–1.87)
|
0.335
|
|
Azathioprine only vs. neither
|
0.99 (0.32–3.05)
|
0.980
|
|
Symptoms at initial IPF diagnosis
|
|
Dyspnea vs. no dyspnea
|
1.39 (0.68–2.83)
|
0.368
|
|
Weight loss vs. no weight loss
|
1.16 (0.66–2.05)
|
0.595
|
|
Physician's main practice setting
|
|
Academic vs. non-academic
|
1.02 (0.69–1.51)
|
0.910
|
|
GAP index (per unit increase)b
|
1.07 (0.94–1.22)
|
0.301
|
