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Table 2 Baseline characteristics: comparison of COPD subjects within the tiotropium or long acting beta-agonists/inhaled corticosteroid groups

From: Risk factors for COPD exacerbations in inhaled medication users: the COPDGene study biannual longitudinal follow-up prospective cohort

 

TIO

ICS ± LABA

p-value

Gender (female, %)

46.9

48.6

0.7

Race (Non-Hispanic White, %)

86.3

82.2

0.2

Oxygen Therapy (%)

27.7

26.3

0.7

Chronic Bronchitis (%)

25.4

29.6

0.2

Doctor's Diagnosis of Asthma (%)

16.0

39.3

<0.001

Frequent Cough Symptom (%)

46.1

46.0

1.0

Frequent Phlegm Symptom (%)

44.9

52.2

0.06

Hay Fever (%)

30.9

37.4

0.2

GERD (%)

33.2

35.0

0.7

Cardiovascular disease (%)

24.6

20.5

0.2

Age (years)

66.3

64.6

0.006

Current Smoking

34.4

32.2

0.6

Pack-Years of Smoking

53.5

52.8

0.7

6MWT distance (ft)

1216

1206

0.7

FEV1 percent predicted

54.4

53.1

0.3

FEV1/FVC

0.49

0.50

0.5

MMRC Score

2.0

2.3

0.006

SGRQ Total Score

38.9

42.6

0.007

BODE score

2.6

2.9

0.02

TLC by CT percent predicted

101.9

104.3

0.04

SRWA-Pi10

3.70

3.73

0.003

Percent Emphysema

12.7

12.7

1.0

Percent Gas Trapping

39.0

39.3

0.8

BMI (kg/m^2)

27.8

28.4

0.2

Exacerbations/Year in Follow-Up

0.5

0.7

0.004

  1. Means or percentages are shown. P-values < 0.05 are in bold
  2. 6MWT six minute walk test, TLC total lung capacity, CT computed tomography, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in one second, BD bronchodilator, GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease, BMI body mass index