Fig. 2

The percentages of the detected bacteria by sputum cultivation, and cultivation and the bacterial floral analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The percentages of the bacterial species detected by the cultivation using sputum samples (a, d and g) or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (b, e and h), and the most detected bacterial phylotypes detected by the bacterial floral analysis of 16S rRNA gene in BALF (c, f and i). The numbers in the Figures describe the percentages of detected bacteria in patients of all (a, b and c), with aspiration risks (d, e and f) and without aspiration risks (g, h and i), respectively. The denominators in a, b, d, e, g and h are the numbers of patients in whom some bacterial species were cultured, and the bacterial floral analysis of 16S rRNA gene detected at least one or more bacterial phylotypes in all of the BALF samples (c, f and i). Ninety-one patients could not produce any sputum for examination at hospital admission (a, d and g). All members of the Streptococcus mutans and S. mitis groups, the S. salivarius group, and the S. anginosus group were included as “oral streptococci” except for S. pneumoniae (c, f and i). Definitions of abbreviations: MSSA, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus; MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus