|
Age, years, mean±SD
|
76.6 (9.5)
|
64.5 (19.4)
|
<0.001
|
|
Gender, male; n (%)
|
58 (69.9)
|
48 (51.1)
|
0.011
|
|
HCAP; n (%)
|
59 (71.1)
|
35 (37.2)
|
<0.001
|
|
Hospitalization for >2 days in the preceding 90 days
|
34 (41.0)
|
27 (28.7)
|
0.087
|
|
Residence in a nursing home or extended care facility
|
29 (34.9)
|
5 (5.3)
|
<0.001
|
|
Home infusion therapy (including antibiotics)
|
10 (12.0)
|
8 (8.5)
|
0.437
|
|
Chronic dialysis during the preceding 30 days
|
0 (0.0)
|
1 (1.1)
|
0.346
|
|
Home wound care
|
0 (0.0)
|
0 (0.0)
| |
|
BMI, mean±SDa
|
19.6 (4.8)
|
20.7 (4.5)
|
0.038
|
|
ECOG PS, median (IQR)
|
2 (0.5–3.5)
|
1 (0.5–1.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
0–1; n (%)
|
28 (33.7)
|
73 (77.7)
|
<0.001
|
|
2; n (%)
|
22 (26.5)
|
12 (12.8)
| |
|
3–4; n (%)
|
33 (39.8)
|
9 (9.6)
|
<0.001
|
|
Smoking; n, (%)b
| | | |
|
Smoker
|
7 (10.0)
|
9 (10.7)
| |
|
Ex-smoker
|
30 (42.9)
|
30 (35.7)
| |
|
Non smoker
|
33 (47.1)
|
45 (53.6)
| |
|
B.Ic
|
493.7 (606.1)
|
449.4 (641.7)
|
0.454
|
|
Comorbidity; n, (%)
| | | |
|
Chronic respiratory disease
|
22 (26.5)
|
38 (40.4)
|
0.051
|
|
COPD
|
11 (13.3)
|
23 (24.5)
|
0.059
|
|
Bronchiectasis
|
6 (7.2)
|
12 (12.8)
|
0.224
|
|
Lung cancer
|
7 (8.4)
|
3 (3.2)
|
0.132
|
|
Interstitial pneumonia
|
6 (7.2)
|
9 (9.6)
|
0.576
|
|
Cerebrovascular disease
|
30 (36.1)
|
0 (0.0)
|
–
|
|
Neuromuscular diseases
|
19 (22.9)
|
0 (0.0)
|
–
|
|
Dementia
|
26 (31.3)
|
0 (0.0)
|
–
|
|
Pharyngeal disorder
|
7 (8.4)
|
0 (0.0)
|
–
|
|
Gastroesophageal disorder
|
27 (32.5)
|
0 (0.0)
|
–
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
11 (13.3)
|
22 (23.4)
|
0.084
|
|
Malignancy excluding lung cancer
|
26 (31.3)
|
18 (19.1)
|
0.060
|
|
Congestive heart failure
|
8 (9.6)
|
8 (8.5)
|
0.794
|
|
Chronic kidney disease
|
2 (2.4)
|
5 (5.3)
|
0.450
|
|
Chronic liver disease
|
6 (7.2)
|
2 (2.1)
|
0.103
|
|
RA or Sjogren’s syndrome
|
0 (0.0)
|
9 (9.6)
|
0.004
|
|
Collagen disease
|
5 (6.0)
|
7 (7.4)
|
0.707
|
|
Psychiatric disease
|
2 (2.4)
|
4 (4.3)
|
0.686
|
|
Medications; n (%)
| | | |
|
Sleeping medications
|
17 (20.5)
|
10 (10.6)
|
0.07
|
|
Glucocorticoids (PSL>5 mg/day)
|
11 (13.3)
|
7 (7.4)
|
0.202
|
|
Immunosuppressive agent
|
3 (3.6)
|
8 (9.5)
|
0.178
|
|
Antipsychotic drugs
|
7 (8.4)
|
1 (1.1)
|
0.027
|
|
Antidepressant
|
3 (3.6)
|
6 (6.4)
|
0.504
|
|
History of pneumonia within the previous 1 year; n (%)
|
24 (28.9)
|
15 (16.0)
|
0.038
|
|
Respiratory failure; n, (%)
|
31 (37.3)
|
30 (31.9)
|
0.448
|
|
Clinical parameters; n, (%)
| | | |
|
Orientation disturbance (confusion)
|
21 (25.3)
|
8 (8.5)
|
0.003
|
|
Systolic BP<90 mmHg or diastolic BP<60 mmHg
|
5 (6.0)
|
2 (2.1)
|
0.255
|
|
Body temperature<35 °C or >40 °C
|
4 (4.8)
|
1 (1.1)
|
0.188
|
|
Pulse rate>125 beats/min
|
5 (6.0)
|
10 (10.6)
|
0.271
|
|
Laboratory findings
| | | |
|
BUN>10.7 mmol/L
|
28 (33.7)
|
24 (25.5)
|
0.232
|
|
Glucose>13.9 mmol/L
|
3 (3.6)
|
7 (7.4)
|
0.339
|
|
Hematocrit<30 %
|
16 (19.3)
|
6 (6.4)
|
0.010
|
|
Albumin, g/dl mean ± SDd
|
3.05 (0.61)
|
3.29 (0.57)
|
0.011
|
|
Radiographic findings; n, (%)e
| | | |
|
Bilateral lung involvement
|
54 (65.1)
|
50 (53.8)
|
0.128
|
|
Upper lobe dominant opacity
|
14 (16.9)
|
20 (21.5)
|
0.437
|
|
Lower lobe opacity
|
54 (65.1)
|
52 (55.9)
|
0.216
|
|
anterior dominant opacity
|
8 (9.6)
|
14 (15.1)
|
0.278
|
|
posterior dominant opacity
|
67 (80.7)
|
58 (62.4)
|
0.007
|
|
Gravity-dependent opacity
|
67 (80.7)
|
67 (72.0)
|
0.178
|
|
Thickening of bronchovascular bundles
|
37 (44.6)
|
50 (53.8)
|
0.224
|
|
Pleural effusion
|
12 (14.5)
|
19 (20.3)
|
0.299
|
|
PSI score; mean±SD
|
112.0 (40.3)
|
81.0 (46.3)
|
<0.001
|
|
I-III
|
25 (30.1)
|
57 (60.6)
| |
|
VI-V
|
53 (69.9)
|
37 (39.4)
|
<0.001
|
|
In hospital mortality
|
6 (7.2)
|
6 (6.4)
|
0.823
|
