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Table 4 Relation between mortality, hospitalizations for respiratory failure and clinical characteristics. Hazard Ratio (HR), with 95 % Confidence Interval (95 % CI)

From: Hospitalizations due to respiratory failure in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and their impact on survival: a population-based cohort study

 

Univariate

Multivariatea

p

HR

95 % CI

p

HR

95 % CI

Hospitalization for respiratory failure

 Nob

 

1.00

- -

 

1.00

- -

 Yes

<0.0001

3.52

2.65; 4.67

<0.0001

4.00

3.00; 5.34

Site of onset

 Spinalb

 

1.00

- -

 

1.00

- -

 Bulbar

0.0005

1.71

1.27; 2.32

0.0791

1.32

0.97; 1.81

 Missing

0.0084

1.69

1.14; 2.49

0.2113

1.31

0.86; 2.01

Age (years)

  < 68b

 

1.00

- -

 

1.00

- -

  ≥ 68

<0.0001

2.05

1.56; 2.69

<0.0001

2.50

1.86; 3.36

Diagnostic delay

  ≥ medianb, c

 

1.00

- -

 

1.00

- -

  < medianc

0.0065

1.81

1.18; 2.77

0.0004

2.23

1.43; 3.47

 Unknown

0.1095

1.34

0.94; 1.91

0.0459

1.48

1.01; 2.19

  1. a site of onset, age, diagnostic delay
  2. b Reference category
  3. c Median: 276 days