Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis

Table 1 Demographic variables, clinical characteristics and outcomes by study group

Group	CPFE (N = 87	IPF (N = 105)	Chi-square value	P
Age, years	66 ± 8.5	60 ± 4.3	0.63	<0.0001^*
Male	76	66	14.83	0.0001
BMI < 18 kg/m²	37	39	0.58	0.4475
Smokers	75	44	39.63	<0.0001
History of viral infection	13	37	10.18	0.0014
Diabetes	16	10	3.19	0.0739
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases	67	63	6.29	0.0121
Cancer	8	8	0.15	0.694
Cor pulmonale	21	25	0.01	0.9577
PAH	39	45	0.08	0.7841
Finger clubbing	13	11	0.87	0.3516
Wheeze	55	12	56.17	<0.0001
Basal crackles	47	97	37.34	<0.0001
CEA increasing	21	6	49.11	<0.0001
5-year survival, %	43.42 (33/76)	65.56 (59/90)	9.37	0.023
All-cause mortality, %	56.58 (43/76)	34.44 (31/90)	14.33	<0.001
Direct-cause mortality, %	39.47 (30/76)	23.33 (21/90)	22.14	<0.001

Data presented as N (%) or mean ± standard deviation (range); Chi-square test was performed for assessing statistical significance, unless indicated otherwise
Abbreviations: CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension
^*Age compared by t-test

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