Clinical, physiologic, and radiographic factors contributing to development of hypoxemia in moderate to severe COPD: a cohort study

Table 2 Variables associated with the development hypoxemia at rest among COPD cases

Variable	OR	95% CI	P-value
Age, per 1 year increase	1.05	1.01–1.09	0.021
African American race	3.24	1.14–9.18	0.027
Male sex	1.41	0.76–2.62	0.28
Enrollment at Denver clinical site	12.2	6.26–23.6	<0.001
BMI, kg/m²	0.98	0.93–1.04	0.47
Baseline heart rate, beat/min	1.02	0.99–1.04	0.20
Baseline oxygen saturation, %	0.62	0.54–0.70	<0.001
Current Smokers	0.67	0.34–1.29	0.23
Pack Year History	1.01	1.00–1.02	0.05
Coronary artery disease	1.41	0.66–3.02	0.38
Congestive heart failure	5.02	1.74–14.5	0.003
Hypertension	0.59	0.32–1.11	0.10
Hyperlipidemia	1.23	0.68–2.25	0.49
Asthma	1.28	0.97–1.70	0.08
Sleep apnea	1.28	0.96–1.70	0.09
Thromboembolic disease	1.15	0.26–5.02	0.85
Peripheral Vascular Disease	1.32	0.30–5.81	0.71
Cerebrovascular Disease	1.26	0.37–4.29	0.71
Gastroesophageal reflux	1.72	0.94–3.16	0.08
FEV₁, percent predicted	0.98	0.96–0.99	0.02
Percent emphysema	1.02	0.99–1.05	0.09
Percent gas trapping	1.02	0.99–1.03	0.09
PA/A ratio >1	2.02	1.04–3.92	0.038
Severe AECOPD within 12 months	2.98	1.56–5.67	0.001

Data represents univariable associations as determined by logistic regression analysis
Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, FEV₁ forced expiratory volume in 1-s, FVC forced vital capacity, PA/A pulmonary artery to aorta ratio, AECOPD acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

ISSN: 1471-2466