Table 1 Characteristics of subjects with COPD (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.70), asthma (wheezing + reversibility) and ACOS (post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <0.70 plus wheezing + reversibility)
From: Asthma–COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) in primary care of four Latin America countries: the PUMA study
Variables | Asthma | COPD | ACOS | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(N = 43) | (N = 274) | (N = 35) | ||
Age, years, mean (SD) | 56.3 (8.9) | 67.3 (9.4) | 65.2 (8.6) | <0.001 |
Age, complete years, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
40–49 | 10 (23.3) | 6 (2.2) | 1 (2.9) | |
50–59 | 19 (44.2) | 61 (22.3) | 10 (28.6) | |
≥ 60 | 14 (32.5) | 20 (75.6) | 24 (68.6) | |
Gender male, n (%) | 20 (46.5) | 150 (54.7) | 23 (65.7) | 0.029 |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 29.9 (6.2) | 26.4 (6.0) | 26.0 (4.9) | 0.009 |
BMI, kg/m2, n (%) | 0.015 | |||
< 25 | 10 (23.3) | 125 (45.6) | 13 (37.1) | |
25–29.9 | 15 (34.9) | 93 (33.9) | 14 (40.0) | |
≥ 30 | 18 (41.9) | 56 (20.4) | 8 (22.9) | |
Smoking, pack-years, mean (SD) | 27.2 (18.7) | 44.3 (28.9) | 48.9 (37.7) | <0.001 |
Pack-years smoked during life, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
< 20 | 16 (37.2) | 49 (18.4) | 5 (14.7) | |
20–30 | 15 (34.9) | 42 (15.8) | 6 (17.7) | |
> 30 | 12 (27.9) | 175 (65.8) | 23 (67.6) | |
Biomass exposure, complete years, n (%) | 0.501 | |||
≥ 10 | 16 (37.2) | 113 (41.2) | 11 (31.4) | |
Smoking status, n (%) | 0.728 | |||
Never | 2 (4.7) | 4 (1.5) | 1 (2.9) | |
Former | 23 (53.5) | 158 (58.3) | 20 (57.1) | |
Current | 18 (41.9) | 109 (40.2) | 14 (40.0) | |
Respiratory symptoms present, n (%) | ||||
Cough | 15 (34.9) | 115 (42.0) | 10 (57.1) | <0.001 |
Phlegm | 21 (48.8) | 116 (42.3) | 23 (65.7) | <0.001 |
Wheezing | 43 (100.0) | 39 (14.2) | 35 (100.0) | <0.001 |
Dyspnoea | 17 (46.0) | 156 (61.7) | 26 (78.8) | <0.001 |
mMRC scale, mean (SD) | 0.9 (1.2) | 1.4 (1.3) | 1.7 (1.3) | 0.035 |
Prior spirometry, n (%) | 9 (20.9) | 98 (35.8) | 16 (45.7) | <0.001 |
Self-reported diagnosis: COPD, n (%) | 1 (2.3) | 63 (23.0) | 8 (22.9) | <0.001 |
Self-reported diagnosis: Asthma, n (%) | 10 (23.3) | 66 (24.1) | 16 (45.7) | <0.001 |
Comorbidity score, mean (SD) | 1.1 (1.1) | 1.2 (1.0) | 0.9 (0.8) | 0.538 |
Comorbidity score, n (%) | 0.067 | |||
None | 12 (27.9) | 61 (22.6) | 13 (37.1) | |
1 | 22 (51.2) | 113 (41.9) | 11 (31.4) | |
2 | 5 (11.6) | 70 (25.9) | 11 (31.4) | |
3+ | 4 (9.3) | 26 (9.6) | - | |
Any exacerbation within the past year, n (%) (Yes) | 7 (16.3) | 25 (9.1) | 8 (22.9) | <0.001 |
Number of exacerbations, past year, mean (SD) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.2 (0.8) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.002 |
Hospitalisation due to exacerbation, past year, n (%) | 1 (2.3) | 8 (2.9) | 3 (8.6) | <0.001 |
GOLD 2007 stage, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
No | 43 (100.0) | - | - | |
1 | - | 50 (18.3) | 3 (8.6) | |
2 | - | 148 (54.0) | 21 (60.0) | |
3 | - | 56 (20.4) | 8 (22.9) | |
4 | - | 20 (7.3) | 3 (8.6) | |
GOLD 2013 stage, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
No | 43 (100.0) | - | - | |
A | - | 120 (43.8) | 13 (37.1) | |
B | - | 71 (25.9) | 8 (22.9) | |
C | - | 24 (8.8) | 4 (11.4) | |
D | - | 59 (21.5) | 10 (28.6) | |