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Table 3 Characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia survivors and non-survivors

From: Prognostic factors in hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective study of a prospective observational cohort

 

Survivors

Non-survivors

Univariate

n = 1708

n = 122

P value

Male

1187 (69.5)

92 (75.4)

0.20

Age (y)

73.2 ± 14.4

78.8 ± 10.4

<0.001

Smoking statusa

  

0.26

 Current

273 (16.0)

19 (15.6)

 

 Past

780 (45.7)

68 (55.7)

 

 Never

655 (38.3)

35 (28.7)

 

Comorbidity

 Chronic heart disease

509 (29.8)

45 (36.9)

0.12

 COPDb

393 (23.0)

46 (37.7)

<0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

340 (19.9)

24 (19.7)

1.00

 Cerebrovascular disease

325 (19.0)

27 (22.1)

0.47

 Malignancy

148 (8.7)

19 (15.6)

0.02

 Chronic kidney disease

125 (7.3)

11 (9.0)

0.47

 Chronic liver disease

100 (5.9)

10 (8.2)

0.39

Vital signs

   

 Body temperature (°C)

37.9 ± 1.1

37.4 ± 1.2

<0.001

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

129 ± 26

126 ± 30

0.19

 Heart rate (beats/min)

98 ± 19

103 ± 25

0.004

 Respiratory rate (breaths/min)

23 ± 7

28 ± 9

<0.001

 PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 250 (mmHg)c

554 (32.4)

92 (75.4)

<0.001

Laboratory examinations

 Alb (g/dL)

3.2 ± 0.6

2.6 ± 0.6

<0.001

 BUN (mg/dL)

21.8 ± 14.5

34.5 ± 22.2

<0.001

 Cr (mg/dL)

1.01 ± 0.8

1.27 ± 1.2

0.001

 Na (mmol/L)

136.7 ± 4.2

137.2 ± 6.3

0.25

 Ht (%)

37.1 ± 5.5

35.6 ± 6.5

0.004

 Plt (×104/μL)

22.5 ± 10.2

22.8 ± 10.2

0.75

 WBC (×103/μL)

12.3 ± 6.2

12.1 ± 6.4

0.75

 CRP (mg/L)

125 ± 94

164 ± 108

<0.001

Multilobar pneumonia

939 (55.0)

99 (81.1)

<0.001

Bacteremia

73 (4.3)

20 (16.4)

<0.001

β-lactam monotherapy

1109 (64.9)

72 (59.0)

0.22

AZM combination

354 (20.7)

12 (9.8)

0.005

FQN combination

81 (4.7)

30 (24.6)

<0.001

MINO combination

79 (4.6)

3 (2.5)

0.37

Mechanical ventilation

99 (5.8)

40 (32.8)

<0.001

Vasopressor drug usage

60 (3.5)

26 (21.3)

<0.001

ICU admission

67 (3.9)

28 (23.0)

<0.001

A-DROP (score)

  

<0.001

 0

204 (11.9)

1 (0.8)

 

 1

478 (28.0)

7 (5.7)

 

 2

545 (31.9)

28 (23.0)

 

 3

372 (21.8)

54 (44.3)

 

 4

97 (5.7)

29 (23.8)

 

 5

12 (0.7)

3 (2.5)

 

CURB-65 (score)

  

<0.001

 0

192 (11.2)

0 (0)

 

 1

540 (31.6)

12 (9.8)

 

 2

594 (34.8)

39 (32.0)

 

 3

294 (17.2)

35 (28.7)

 

 4

74 (4.3)

32 (26.2)

 

 5

14 (0.8)

4 (3.3)

 

PSI (score)

100.7 ± 32.3

140.9 ± 37.2

<0.001

PSI (class)

  

<0.001

 I

36 (2.1)

0 (0)

 

 II

210 (12.3)

1 (0.8)

 

 III

447 (26.2)

8 (6.6)

 

 IV

750 (43.9)

47 (38.5)

 

 V

265 (15.5)

66 (54.1)

 

IDSA/ATS severe criteria

  

<0.001

 Yes

490 (28.7)

95 (77.9)

 

 No

1218 (71.3)

27 (22.1)

 
  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%)
  2. Abbreviations: A-DROP age ≥70 years in men or age ≥75 years in women, blood urea nitrogen ≥21 mg · dL−1 or dehydration, oxyhemoglobin saturation measured by pulse oximetry ≤90% or partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood ≤60 mmHg, confusion, or systolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHg, Alb Albumin, ATS American Thoracic Society, AZM azithromycin, BUN Blood urea nitrogen, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Cr Creatinine, CRP C-reactive protein, CURB-65 confusion, urea >7 mmol/L, respiratory rate ≥30 breaths/min, low blood pressure (systolic <90 mmHg or diastolic ≤60 mmHg), and age ≥65 years, FiO 2 fraction of inspired oxygen, FQN fluoroquinolone, Ht Hematocrit, ICU intensive care unit, IDSA Infectious Diseases Society of America, MINO minomycin, Na Sodium, PaO 2 partial pressure of arterial oxygen, Plt Platelet, PSI Pneumonia Severity Index, WBC white blood cell
  3. aCurrent: Patients who are current smokers and have been smoking more than 100 cigarettes in their entire life, Past: Patients who quit smoking more than a month ago and have been smoking more than 100 cigarettes in their entire life, Never: Patients who have not smoked in the past month and have not smoked more than 100 cigarettes in their entire life.
  4. bWe diagnosed COPD according to the GOLD definition [6]. Patients who were already diagnosed and treated as COPD in other hospitals and had emphysema on chest tomography were also included.
  5. cArterial blood gas analyses were not performed in 513 of the survivors and 12 of the non-survivors; in these patients, arterial oxygen partial pressure was estimated from oxyhemoglobin saturation measured by pulse oximetry.
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

ISSN: 1471-2466

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