Variables | Unadjusted Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P value | Adjusted Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (per year) | 0.927 | 0.893–0.996 | 0.001 | 0.883 | 0.840–0.927 | 0.001 |
Histology | ||||||
 Adenocarcinoma | reference |  |  | reference |  |  |
 Squamous cell carcinoma | 0.412 | 0.235–0.722 | 0.020 | 0.589 | 0.287–1.207 | 0.148 |
 Othersa | 0.902 | 0.322–2.528 | 0.844 | 2.258 | 0.565–9.027 | 0.249 |
Severity of airflow obstruction | ||||||
 Non-COPD | reference |  |  | reference |  |  |
 GOLD grade 1 | 0.741 | 0.419–1.312 | 0.304 | 1.056 | 0.516–2.160 | 0.882 |
 GOLD grade2 | 1.152 | 0.413–3.210 | 0.787 | 1.500 | 0.428–5.259 | 0.527 |
 GOLD grade 3 | 0.111 | 0.020–0.629 | 0.013 | 0.049 | 0.007–0.356 | 0.003 |
Clinical stage | ||||||
 I | reference |  |  | reference |  |  |
 II | 0.805 | 0.376–1.724 | 0.577 | 0.765 | 0.318–1.842 | 0.550 |
 III | 0.126 | 0.066–0.240 | 0.001 | 0.066 | 0.029–0.153 | 0.001 |
Severity of fibrosis | ||||||
 Grade 0 | reference |  |  | reference |  |  |
 Grade 1 | 0.515 | 0.203–1.306 | 0.162 | 0.618 | 0.201–1.899 | 0.400 |
 Grade 2 | 0.212 | 0.087–0.516 | 0.001 | 0.266 | 0.087–0.812 | 0.020 |